Librizzi Laura, de Cutis Marco, Janigro Damir, Runtz Leonie, de Bock Frederic, Barbier Emmanuel L, Marchi Nicola
Department of Neurophysiology, Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.
Flocel Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA.
Neurosci Lett. 2018 Feb 22;667:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
The cerebral vasculature is a complex tridimensional network of arterial and venous vessels which are anatomically in proximity of and functionally coupled to neurons. Depending on the cellular composition of the vascular wall and size, cerebral vessels control regional blood flow, define interstitial homeostasis or cerebrospinal fluid circulation and influence immune cell patrolling. Pathological deviations from these functions promote or are a consequence of brain diseases, directly impacting neuronal firing. We propose that specific cerebrovascular segments are differentially implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, including difference between white and grey matter. We offer plasticity of perivascular mural cells and endothelial-pericyte interactions as emerging players. We outline the potential for MRI vascular biomarkers tailored to the epileptic brain, specifically cerebral blood volume and flow, tissue oxygen saturation and microvessel permeability. Finally, we show the advantages of the guinea pig whole brain preparation to study the link between cerebrovascular permeability, expression of vascular adhesion molecules, inflammation and neuronal excitability.
脑循环系统是一个由动脉和静脉血管组成的复杂三维网络，这些血管在解剖学上与神经元相邻且在功能上与神经元耦合。根据血管壁的细胞组成和大小，脑血管控制局部血流，维持间质内环境稳定或脑脊液循环，并影响免疫细胞巡逻。这些功能的病理偏差会促进脑部疾病或由脑部疾病导致，直接影响神经元放电。我们提出，特定的脑血管段在癫痫的病理生理学中具有不同的作用，包括白质和灰质之间的差异。我们认为血管周围壁细胞的可塑性以及内皮细胞与周细胞的相互作用是新出现的影响因素。我们概述了针对癫痫脑定制的MRI血管生物标志物的潜力，特别是脑血容量和血流、组织氧饱和度和微血管通透性。最后，我们展示了豚鼠全脑制备在研究脑血管通透性、血管粘附分子表达、炎症和神经元兴奋性之间联系方面的优势。
