Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44961, United States; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44961, United States.
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44961, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, United States; Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, United States.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017 Apr;44:124-129. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.009. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
Plant biotechnology has been around since the advent of humankind, resulting in tremendous improvements in plant cultivation through crop domestication, breeding and selection. The emergence of transgenic approaches involving the introduction of defined DNA sequences into plants by humans has rapidly changed the surface of our planet by further expanding the gene pool used by plant breeders for plant improvement. Transgenic approaches in food plants have raised concerns on the merits, social implications, ecological risks and true benefits of plant biotechnology. The recently acquired ability to precisely edit plant genomes by modifying native genes without introducing new genetic material offers new opportunities to rapidly exploit natural variation, create new variation and incorporate changes with the goal to generate more productive and nutritious plants.
植物生物技术自人类出现以来就已经存在，通过作物驯化、育种和选择，极大地改善了植物的栽培。人类通过引入特定的 DNA 序列到植物中的转基因方法的出现，通过进一步扩大植物育种者用于植物改良的基因库，迅速改变了我们星球的面貌。转基因方法在粮食作物上引起了人们对植物生物技术的优点、社会影响、生态风险和真正益处的关注。最近获得的通过修饰天然基因而不引入新遗传物质来精确编辑植物基因组的能力，为快速利用自然变异、创造新的变异和引入变化提供了新的机会，以生产更具生产力和更有营养的植物。
