Erickson Rebecca L, Browne Caroline A, Lucki Irwin
University Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Physiol Behav. 2017 Sep 1;178:166-171. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.018. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
In diabetes, glucocorticoid secretion increases secondary to hyperglycemia and is associated with an extensive list of disease complications. Levels of cortisol in humans, or corticosterone in rodents, are usually measured as transitory biomarkers of stress in blood or saliva. Glucocorticoid concentrations accumulate in human or animal hair over weeks and could more accurately measure the cumulative stress burden of diseases like chronic diabetes. In this study, corticosterone levels were measured in hair in verified rodent models of diabetes mellitus. To induce type 1 diabetes, C57BL/6J mice were injected with streptozotocin and blood and hair samples were collected 28days following induction. Leptin receptor deficient (db/db) mice were used as a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes and blood and hair samples were collected at 8weeks of age, after the development of hyperglycemia and obesity. Corticosterone levels from serum, new growth hair and total growth hair were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay. Corticosterone levels in new growth hair and serum were significantly elevated in both models of diabetes compared to controls. In contrast, corticosterone levels in old hair growth did not differ significantly between diabetic and non-diabetic animals. Thus, hair removal and sampling of new hair growth was a more sensitive procedure for detecting changes in hair corticosterone levels induced by periods of hyperglycemia lasting for 4weeks in mice. These results validate the use of hair to measure long-term changes in corticosterone induced by diabetes in rodent models. Further studies are now needed to validate the utility of hair cortisol as a tool for measuring the stress burden of individuals with diabetes and for following the effects of long-term medical treatments.
在糖尿病中，糖皮质激素分泌继发于高血糖而增加，并与一系列疾病并发症相关。人类的皮质醇水平或啮齿动物的皮质酮水平通常作为血液或唾液中应激的瞬时生物标志物来测量。糖皮质激素浓度在人类或动物毛发中会在数周内积累，并且可以更准确地测量慢性糖尿病等疾病的累积应激负担。在本研究中，在经过验证的糖尿病啮齿动物模型中测量了毛发中的皮质酮水平。为诱导1型糖尿病，给C57BL/6J小鼠注射链脲佐菌素，并在诱导后28天收集血液和毛发样本。瘦素受体缺陷（db/db）小鼠被用作2型糖尿病的自发模型，并在8周龄时，即高血糖和肥胖症出现后收集血液和毛发样本。使用酶免疫测定法分析血清、新生毛发和总生长毛发中的皮质酮水平。与对照组相比，两种糖尿病模型中新生毛发和血清中的皮质酮水平均显著升高。相比之下，糖尿病动物和非糖尿病动物旧毛发生长中的皮质酮水平没有显著差异。因此，去除毛发并采集新生毛发样本是检测小鼠中持续4周的高血糖期引起的毛发皮质酮水平变化的更敏感方法。这些结果验证了使用毛发来测量啮齿动物模型中糖尿病诱导的皮质酮长期变化的有效性。现在需要进一步研究来验证毛发皮质醇作为测量糖尿病患者应激负担以及跟踪长期医学治疗效果的工具的实用性。
