Conway T L, Hervig L K, Vickers R R
Department of Health Psychology, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California 92138-9174.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1989 Nov;89(11):1624-8.
The Navy wants to incorporate nutrition education programs into basic training to teach Navy personnel fundamental principles of good nutrition. This study was undertaken to: determine deficits in recruits' nutrition knowledge, identify recruits with above-average need for nutrition education, and compare recruits' nutrition knowledge with that of typical U.S. school students. Demographic information and responses to a shortened version (36 items) of the National Dairy Council's Nutrition Achievement Test 4, developed for junior and senior high school students, were obtained from 205 male recruits. Although nutrition knowledge among Navy recruits was relatively comparable with that of U.S. school students, findings indicated that nutrition education is indeed needed. Only 2% of recruits answered 90% of the questions correctly. Forty percent answered half or more of the nutrition questions incorrectly. Questions answered incorrectly by more than 50% of recruits involved: (a) how one assesses nutrient needs and whether those needs are being met, (b) the four major food groups and recommended servings, and (c) effects of alcohol and drugs on nutritional status. Recruits who received higher grades in high school, got into less trouble in high school, were older, and were Caucasian had higher nutrition knowledge. Detailed information regarding nutrition misconceptions should help the Navy develop focused nutrition education materials.
海军希望将营养教育项目纳入基础训练，以向海军人员传授良好营养的基本原则。开展这项研究的目的是：确定新兵营养知识方面的不足，找出营养教育需求高于平均水平的新兵，并将新兵的营养知识与美国普通在校学生的营养知识进行比较。从205名男性新兵那里获取了人口统计学信息以及他们对为初中生和高中生编制的美国国家乳制品委员会营养成就测试4的简版（36项）的回答。尽管海军新兵的营养知识与美国在校学生的营养知识相对相当，但研究结果表明确实需要进行营养教育。只有2%的新兵90%的问题回答正确。40%的新兵一半或更多的营养问题回答错误。超过50%的新兵回答错误的问题包括：(a) 如何评估营养需求以及这些需求是否得到满足，(b) 四大食物类别及推荐摄入量，以及(c) 酒精和药物对营养状况的影响。在高中成绩较好、在高中惹麻烦较少、年龄较大且为白人的新兵营养知识水平较高。有关营养误解的详细信息应有助于海军编写有针对性的营养教育材料。
