Gawad Aleya Abdel, Hashish Mona, Abaza Amani, El-Kayal Aisha
Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Alexandria Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Alexandria, Egypt.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2016 Dec;24(4):314-320. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4157.
Transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) are a major challenge to transfusion services all over the world. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is considered one of the main viruses associated with blood transfusion. As CMV screening is not included in routine screening tests done for donated blood in blood banks in Egypt, the detection of CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity needs to be tested for being a useful tool to diagnose recent infection among blood donors. The aim of this work was to study CMV IgG avidity index (AI) among blood donors.
A total of 88 blood samples were collected from the non-remunerated volunteer blood donors who attended the Alexandria Regional Blood Transfusion Centre. A quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the avidity detection of the specific IgG antibodies to CMV in human serum samples was used.
Eighty five studied blood donors (96.6%) were positive for CMV IgG. Eighty one donors (95.3%) showed high avidity (>45.0%). Regarding the remaining four CMV IgG positive donors; three had medium avidity (<45.0%) and only one had a low avidity of <25.0%. A moderate agreement of 42.4% was found between IgG concentration and avidity.
CMV seroprevalence was found to be high among volunteer blood donors, where age and gender were statistically significant factors associated with CMV IgG concentration. The use of the avidity assay as a screening tool for CMV among blood donors is highly suggested. The exclusion of the low and medium AI units will ensure the availability of a safe stock of blood units, hence eliminating the risk of CMV transmission to vulnerable groups.
输血传播疾病（TTD）是全球输血服务面临的一项重大挑战。巨细胞病毒（CMV）被认为是与输血相关的主要病毒之一。由于埃及血库对献血进行的常规筛查试验中未包括CMV筛查，因此需要检测CMV免疫球蛋白G（IgG）亲和力，以作为诊断献血者近期感染的有用工具。这项工作的目的是研究献血者中的CMV IgG亲和力指数（AI）。
从前往亚历山大地区输血中心的无偿献血者中总共采集了88份血样。采用定量酶联免疫吸附测定法检测人血清样本中针对CMV的特异性IgG抗体的亲和力。
85名研究的献血者（96.6%）CMV IgG呈阳性。81名献血者（95.3%）显示高亲和力（>45.0%）。对于其余4名CMV IgG阳性献血者，3人具有中等亲和力（<45.0%），只有1人具有<25.0%的低亲和力。发现IgG浓度与亲和力之间的一致性中等，为42.4%。
在无偿献血者中发现CMV血清阳性率很高，年龄和性别是与CMV IgG浓度相关的具有统计学意义的因素。强烈建议将亲和力测定用作献血者中CMV的筛查工具。排除低亲和力和中等亲和力的血样将确保有安全的血液储备，从而消除CMV传播给弱势群体的风险。
