Khatun Farjana, Stephenson Rachel J, Toth Istvan
School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
Chemistry. 2017 Mar 28;23(18):4233-4254. doi: 10.1002/chem.201603599. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
Bacterial cell-surface-derived or mimicked carbohydrate moieties that act as protective antigens are used in the development of antibacterial glycoconjugate vaccines. The carbohydrate antigen must have a minimum length or size to maintain the conformational structure of the antigenic epitope(s). The presence or absence of O-acetate, phosphate, glycerol phosphate and pyruvate ketal plays a vital role in defining the immunogenicity of the carbohydrate antigen. The nature of the carrier protein, spacer and conjugation pattern used to develop the glycoconjugate vaccine also defines its overall spatial orientation which in turn affects its avidity and selectivity of interaction with the desired target(s). In addition, the ratio of carbohydrate to protein in glycoconjugate vaccines also makes an important contribution in determining the optimum immunological response. This Review article presents the importance of these variables in the development of antibacterial glycoconjugate vaccines and their effects on immune efficacy.
作为保护性抗原的细菌细胞表面衍生或模拟的碳水化合物部分被用于抗菌糖缀合物疫苗的研发。碳水化合物抗原必须具有最小长度或尺寸以维持抗原表位的构象结构。O - 乙酸酯、磷酸盐、甘油磷酸盐和丙酮酸缩酮的存在与否在确定碳水化合物抗原的免疫原性方面起着至关重要的作用。用于研发糖缀合物疫苗的载体蛋白、间隔物和缀合模式的性质也决定了其整体空间取向，这反过来又会影响其与所需靶标的亲和力和相互作用的选择性。此外，糖缀合物疫苗中碳水化合物与蛋白质的比例在确定最佳免疫反应方面也起着重要作用。这篇综述文章阐述了这些变量在抗菌糖缀合物疫苗研发中的重要性及其对免疫效果的影响。
