Apel Lysanne, Kammerer Dietmar R, Stintzing Florian C, Spring Otmar
Institute of Botany, Hohenheim University, Garbenstr. 30, 70559 Stuttgart, Germany.
WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, Dorfstr. 1, 73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jan 13;18(1):153. doi: 10.3390/ijms18010153.
L. is an important medicinal plant with documented use for the treatment of gout, headache and migraine reaching back to the Middle Ages. Triterpenoid saponins from roots and flowers are used in up-to-date phytotherapeutic treatment of bronchitis and colds due to their expectorant and secretolytic effects. In addition to the wild type plants with yellow petals, a red variant and an intermediate orange form of L. have recently been found in a natural habitat. The secondary metabolite profiles of roots, leaves and flowers of these rare variants were investigated and compared with the wild type metabolome. Two flavonoids, six flavonoid glycosides, four novel methylated flavonoid glycosides, five anthocyanins and three triterpenoid saponins were identified in alcoholic extracts from the petals, leaves and roots of the three variants by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD)/mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. Anthocyanins were detected in the petals of the red and orange variety, but not in the wild type. No other effects on the metabolite profiles of the three varieties have been observed. The possibility is discussed that a regulatory step of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway may have been affected by mutation thus triggering color polymorphism in the petals.
L.是一种重要的药用植物，其用于治疗痛风、头痛和偏头痛的记载可追溯到中世纪。根和花中的三萜皂苷因其祛痰和溶解分泌物的作用，被用于现代植物疗法治疗支气管炎和感冒。除了具有黄色花瓣的野生型植物外，最近在自然栖息地还发现了L.的红色变种和中间橙色形态。对这些稀有变种的根、叶和花的次生代谢产物谱进行了研究，并与野生型代谢组进行了比较。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）-二极管阵列检测（DAD）/质谱（MS）分析，在三个变种的花瓣、叶和根的乙醇提取物中鉴定出两种黄酮类化合物、六种黄酮糖苷、四种新型甲基化黄酮糖苷、五种花青素和三种三萜皂苷。在红色和橙色变种的花瓣中检测到了花青素，但在野生型中未检测到。未观察到对这三个变种的代谢产物谱有其他影响。讨论了花青素生物合成途径的一个调控步骤可能因突变而受到影响，从而引发花瓣颜色多态性的可能性。
