Mehta Arpit R, Panneer Sigamani, Ghosh-Jerath Suparna, Racine Elizabeth F
1 Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
2 Department of Social Work and Epidemiology & Public Health, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Hum Lact. 2017 Feb;33(1):140-148. doi: 10.1177/0890334416680179. Epub 2016 Dec 15.
Extended breastfeeding duration is common in India. Extended breastfeeding protects the infant from infectious disease and promotes child spacing. In the 1990s, the median breastfeeding duration in India was 24 months. Research aim: This study aimed to investigate the median duration of breastfeeding in India and to identify the factors associated with extended breastfeeding to 24 months as recommended by the World Health Organization.
This cross-sectional data analysis used nationally representative data from the 2011-2012 Indian Human Development Survey II. The outcome in this study was extended breastfeeding defined as breastfeeding to 24 months or more. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with extended breastfeeding.
The median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months; approximately 25% of women breastfed 24 months or more. Women were at greater odds of breastfeeding 24 months or more if the infant was a boy compared with a girl, if the women lived in a rural area compared with an urban area, if the women were married at a young age (< 17 vs. 20 years or older at marriage), and if the delivery was assisted by a friend or relative compared with a doctor.
The median duration of breastfeeding has decreased by 50% from 1992-1993 to 2011-2012. The women who continue to breastfeed 24 months or more tend to be more traditional (i.e., living in rural areas, marrying young, and having family/friends as birth attendants). Further research to study the health effect of decreased breastfeeding duration is warranted.
在印度，延长母乳喂养时间很常见。延长母乳喂养可保护婴儿免受传染病侵害，并有助于生育间隔。在20世纪90年代，印度母乳喂养的中位持续时间为24个月。研究目的：本研究旨在调查印度母乳喂养的中位持续时间，并确定与世界卫生组织建议的延长母乳喂养至24个月相关的因素。
这项横断面数据分析使用了2011 - 2012年印度人类发展调查II的全国代表性数据。本研究的结果是延长母乳喂养，定义为母乳喂养24个月或更长时间。采用多变量逻辑回归来确定与延长母乳喂养相关的因素。
母乳喂养的中位持续时间为12个月；约25%的女性母乳喂养24个月或更长时间。与女孩相比，如果婴儿是男孩，如果女性生活在农村地区而非城市地区，如果女性早婚（<17岁结婚与20岁及以上结婚相比），以及如果分娩由朋友或亲戚协助而非医生协助，那么女性母乳喂养24个月或更长时间的几率更高。
从1992 - 1993年到2011 - 2012年，母乳喂养的中位持续时间减少了50%。继续母乳喂养24个月或更长时间的女性往往更传统（即生活在农村地区、早婚以及由家人/朋友担任接生员）。有必要进一步研究母乳喂养持续时间缩短对健康的影响。
