Skinner Heather M, Durso Andrew M, Neuman-Lee Lorin A, Durham Susan L, Mueller Sarah D, French Susannah S
WIMU Regional Program in Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol. 2016 Nov;325(9):626-637. doi: 10.1002/jez.2056.
Organisms must balance energy invested into self-maintenance, reproduction, and somatic growth over their lifetime. In this study, the effects of diet restriction and diet complexity on side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) were analyzed. Thirty male lizards, housed in the laboratory, were fed either an ad libitum or a restricted diet for 18 days (phase 1). Individuals from both treatments were then assigned to a diet of the same quantity of food that was either simple (only crickets) or complex (crickets, cockroaches, waxworms, and mealworms) for 35 days (phase 2). We evaluated (1) how diet restriction affected life history strategies and (2) how diet complexity affected recovery from diet restriction as measured at the end of phase 2 by body mass, snout-vent length, calculated body condition score, wound healing, tail regrowth, bacterial killing ability, oxidative stress, and plasma testosterone and corticosterone concentrations. Lizards without diet restriction allocated more energy to self-maintenance (i.e., maintaining higher body condition scores, healing wounds more quickly) than lizards with diet restriction. Lizards with diet restriction had higher plasma testosterone concentrations and larger increases in snout-vent lengths than those fed ad libitum, which may reflect allocations toward reproduction and somatic growth. A complex diet resulted in better body condition and faster tail regrowth than a simple diet, suggesting that a complex diet enhanced recovery from diet restriction, although long-term life history choices remained unaltered. Finally, lizards on a complex diet consumed substantially less food while maintaining higher body condition, suggesting that key nutrients may be lacking from a simple diet.
生物体必须在其一生中平衡投入到自我维持、繁殖和体细胞生长的能量。在本研究中，分析了饮食限制和饮食复杂性对侧斑蜥蜴（Uta stansburiana）的影响。将30只雄性蜥蜴饲养在实验室中，在18天内（第1阶段）给予它们随意进食或限制饮食。然后，将两种处理方式下的个体分配到相同数量但食物种类不同的饮食中，简单饮食组（仅喂食蟋蟀）或复杂饮食组（喂食蟋蟀、蟑螂、蜡虫和黄粉虫），持续35天（第2阶段）。我们评估了：（1）饮食限制如何影响生活史策略；（2）饮食复杂性如何影响从饮食限制中的恢复情况，在第2阶段结束时通过体重、吻肛长度、计算得出的身体状况评分、伤口愈合情况、尾巴再生情况、细菌杀灭能力、氧化应激以及血浆睾酮和皮质酮浓度来衡量。与饮食受限制的蜥蜴相比，未受饮食限制的蜥蜴将更多能量分配到自我维持方面（即保持更高的身体状况评分，更快地愈合伤口）。饮食受限制的蜥蜴血浆睾酮浓度更高，吻肛长度的增加幅度比随意进食的蜥蜴更大，这可能反映了它们在繁殖和体细胞生长方面的能量分配。与简单饮食相比，复杂饮食能带来更好的身体状况和更快的尾巴再生，这表明复杂饮食能增强从饮食限制中的恢复能力，尽管长期生活史选择未发生改变。最后，食用复杂饮食的蜥蜴在保持较高身体状况的同时消耗的食物量大幅减少，这表明简单饮食可能缺乏关键营养素。
