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Extracellular vesicles from activated platelets: a semiquantitative cryo-electron microscopy and immuno-gold labeling study.

作者信息

Brisson Alain R, Tan Sisareuth, Linares Romain, Gounou Céline, Arraud Nicolas

机构信息

a Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair , UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-IPB , Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Pessac , France.

出版信息

Platelets. 2017 May;28(3):263-271. doi: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1268255. Epub 2017 Jan 19.


DOI:10.1080/09537104.2016.1268255
PMID:28102751
Abstract

Cells release membrane vesicles in their surrounding medium either constitutively or in response to activating signals. Two main types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are commonly distinguished based on their mechanism of formation, membrane composition and size. According to the current model, EVs shed from the plasma membrane, often called microvesicles, expose phosphatidylserine (PS) and range in size from 100 nm to 1 µm, while EVs originating from endosomal multi-vesicular bodies, called exosomes, contain tetraspanin proteins, including CD63, and range in size from 50 to 100 nm. Heijnen et al. [1] have shown that activated platelets release EVs corresponding to these two types of vesicles, using negative staining electron microscopy (EM) and immuno-gold labeling. Here, we apply cryo-EM and immuno-gold labeling to provide a quantitative analysis of EVs released by platelets activated by thrombin, TRAP and CRP-XL, as well as EVs from serum. We show that EVs activated by these three agonists present a similar size distribution, the majority of them forming a broad peak extending from 50 nm to 1 µm, about 50% of them ranging from 50 to 400 nm. We show also that 60% of the EVs from TRAP or CRP-XL activation expose CD41, a majority of them exposing also PS. To explain the presence of large EVs CD41-negative or PS-negative, several alternative mechanisms of EV formation are proposed. We find also that the majority of EVs in activated platelet samples expose CD63, and distinguish two populations of CD63-positive EVs, namely large EVs with low labeling density and small EVs with high labeling density.

摘要

相似文献

[1]
Extracellular vesicles from activated platelets: a semiquantitative cryo-electron microscopy and immuno-gold labeling study.

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[2]
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[4]
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[5]
Activated platelets release two types of membrane vesicles: microvesicles by surface shedding and exosomes derived from exocytosis of multivesicular bodies and alpha-granules.

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[6]
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[7]
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J Virol. 2018-2-12

[8]
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Methods Mol Biol. 2017

[9]
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[10]
Lipid rafts are essential for release of phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles from platelets.

Sci Rep. 2018-7-3

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[7]
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