Wessel Jan R, Aron Adam R
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Neuron. 2017 Jan 18;93(2):259-280. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.013.
Unexpected events are part of everyday experience. They come in several varieties-action errors, unexpected action outcomes, and unexpected perceptual events-and they lead to motor slowing and cognitive distraction. While different varieties of unexpected events have been studied largely independently, and many different mechanisms are thought to explain their effects on action and cognition, we suggest a unifying theory. We propose that unexpected events recruit a fronto-basal-ganglia network for stopping. This network includes specific prefrontal cortical nodes and is posited to project to the subthalamic nucleus, with a putative global suppressive effect on basal-ganglia output. We argue that unexpected events interrupt action and impact cognition, partly at least, by recruiting this global suppressive network. This provides a common mechanistic basis for different types of unexpected events; links the literatures on motor inhibition, performance monitoring, attention, and working memory; and is relevant for understanding clinical symptoms of distractibility and mental inflexibility.
意外事件是日常经历的一部分。它们有多种类型——动作错误、意外的动作结果和意外的感知事件——并且会导致动作迟缓以及认知分心。虽然不同类型的意外事件在很大程度上是独立研究的，并且人们认为有许多不同的机制可以解释它们对动作和认知的影响，但我们提出了一个统一的理论。我们认为意外事件会招募一个额底神经节网络来停止动作。这个网络包括特定的前额叶皮层节点，并假定投射到丘脑底核，对基底神经节输出具有假定的全局抑制作用。我们认为意外事件至少部分地通过招募这个全局抑制网络来中断动作并影响认知。这为不同类型的意外事件提供了一个共同的机制基础；将运动抑制、绩效监测、注意力和工作记忆方面的文献联系起来；并且与理解注意力分散和思维僵化的临床症状相关。
