分子动力学模拟揭示了神经纤毛蛋白 Rho GTP 酶结合域(RBD)与小 Rho GTP 酶 Rac1 和 Rnd1 之间的异构体特异性接触动力学。

Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal Isoform Specific Contact Dynamics between the Plexin Rho GTPase Binding Domain (RBD) and Small Rho GTPases Rac1 and Rnd1.

机构信息

Chemical Engineering Department, Tennessee Technological University , 1 William L Jones Dr., Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, United States.

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical School of Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.

出版信息

J Phys Chem B. 2017 Feb 23;121(7):1485-1498. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11022. Epub 2017 Feb 8.

Abstract

The Plexin family of transmembrane receptors are unique in that their intracellular region interacts directly with small GTPases of the Rho family. The Rho GTPase binding domain of plexin (RBD)-which is responsible for these interactions-can bind with Rac1 as well as Rnd1 GTPases. GTPase complexes have been crystallized with the RBDs of plexinA1, -A2, and -B1. The protein association is thought to elicit different functional responses in a GTPase and plexin isoform specific manner, but the origin of this is unknown. In this project, we investigated complexes between several RBD and Rac1/Rnd1 GTPases using multimicrosecond length all atom molecular dynamics simulations, also with reference to the free forms of the RBDs and GTPases. In accord with the crystallographic data, the RBDs experience more structural changes than Rho-GTPases upon complex formation. Changes in protein dynamics and networks of correlated motions are revealed by analyzing dihedral angle fluctuations in the proteins. The extent of these changes differs between the different RBDs and also between the Rac1 and Rnd1 GTPases. While the RBDs in the free and bound states have similar-if not decreased-correlations, correlations within the GTPases are increased upon binding. Mapping highly correlated residues to the structures, it is found that the plexinA1, -B1, and -A2 RBDs all have similar communication pathways within the ubiquitin fold, but that different residues are involved. Dynamic network analyses indicate that plexinA1 and -B1 RBDs interact with small GTPases in a similar manner, whereas complexes with the plexinA2 RBD display different features. Importantly complexes with Rnd1 have a considerable number of dynamic correlations and network connections between the proteins, whereas such features are missing in the RBD-Rac1 complexes. Overall, the simulations suggest mechanisms that are consistent with the experimental data on plexinB1 and indicate RBD and GTPase isoform specific changes in protein dynamics upon complex formation.

摘要

整联蛋白家族的跨膜受体的独特之处在于,其细胞内区域直接与 Rho 家族的小 GTPase 相互作用。整联蛋白的 Rho GTPase 结合域(RBD)——负责这些相互作用——可以与 Rac1 以及 Rnd1 GTPase 结合。已经对 plexinA1、-A2 和 -B1 的 RBD 进行了 GTPase 复合物的结晶。据认为,蛋白质复合物以 GTPase 和 plexin 同工型特异性的方式引起不同的功能反应,但这一现象的起源尚不清楚。在这个项目中,我们使用多微秒长度的全原子分子动力学模拟研究了几种 RBD 和 Rac1/Rnd1 GTPase 之间的复合物,同时还参考了 RBD 和 GTPase 的自由形式。与晶体学数据一致,RBD 在形成复合物时比 Rho-GTPase 经历更多的结构变化。通过分析蛋白质中二面角波动来揭示蛋白质动力学和相关运动网络的变化。这些变化的程度在不同的 RBD 之间以及 Rac1 和 Rnd1 GTPase 之间有所不同。虽然在自由和结合状态下的 RBD 具有相似的(如果没有降低的)相关性,但在结合后,GTPase 内的相关性增加。将高度相关的残基映射到结构上,可以发现 plexinA1、-B1 和 -A2 RBD 都具有相似的泛素折叠内的通讯途径,但涉及不同的残基。动态网络分析表明,plexinA1 和 -B1 RBD 以相似的方式与小 GTPase 相互作用,而与 plexinA2 RBD 的复合物则具有不同的特征。重要的是,与 Rnd1 的复合物在蛋白质之间具有相当数量的动态相关性和网络连接,而在 RBD-Rac1 复合物中则缺少这些特征。总体而言,模拟结果表明了与 plexinB1 实验数据一致的机制,并表明了复合物形成时蛋白质动力学的 RBD 和 GTPase 同工型特异性变化。

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