Bas-Sarmiento Pilar, Saucedo-Moreno María José, Fernández-Gutiérrez Martina, Poza-Méndez Miriam
Faculty of Nursing, University of Cadiz, Algeciras, Cadiz, Spain.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2017 Feb;31(1):111-121. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.07.014. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
The relationship between psychopathology and migration presents unresolved questions.
To determine whether there is a higher incidence of mental illness among immigrants, to describe the nosologic differences between immigrant and native populations, and to identify the risk factors involved of immigration.
A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Science Direct, ISI, Scopus, Psycinfo, Cochrane, and Cuiden databases. The search strategy was conducted using the MeSH thesaurus for the controlled terms "mental disorders," "mental health," "transients and migrants," "immigrants," and "epidemiology." The quality of the articles was analyzed by using the Equator Guidelines, following checklists according to the methodological design of the studies by two independent reviewers.
From a total of 817 studies found, 21 met the inclusion criteria. Out of the 21 studies selected, 13 showed a higher prevalence of mental illness.
Migration represents a major challenge, but it does not lead exclusively to mental distress. Immigrants experience more problems in depression, anxiety, and somatic disorders, pathologies related directly to the migration process and stress suffered. Resources should be oriented to primary and community care.
精神病理学与移民之间的关系存在尚未解决的问题。
确定移民中精神疾病的发病率是否更高，描述移民与本地人口在疾病分类上的差异，并确定移民所涉及的风险因素。
使用PubMed、Science Direct、ISI、Scopus、Psycinfo、Cochrane和Cuiden数据库进行系统综述。检索策略使用医学主题词表中“精神障碍”“心理健康”“短暂居住者和移民”“移民”及“流行病学”等控制词。由两名独立评审员根据研究的方法设计，使用赤道准则核对清单对文章质量进行分析。
在总共找到的817项研究中，21项符合纳入标准。在所选的21项研究中，13项显示精神疾病患病率较高。
移民是一项重大挑战，但并不只会导致精神困扰。移民在抑郁、焦虑和躯体疾病方面遇到更多问题，这些病症与移民过程和所遭受的压力直接相关。资源应导向初级和社区护理。
