Ghaferi Hamad Al, Bond Christine, Matheson Catriona
National Rehabilitation Centre, P.O. Box 3873, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University of Aberdeen, Academic Primary Care, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
University of Aberdeen, Academic Primary Care, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Mar 1;172:14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.019. Epub 2016 Nov 23.
There is a dearth of research in the published literature on substance use and addiction in the Middle East and Islamic countries. This study was the first to explore whether the biopsychosocial-spiritual model of addiction was relevant to an addicted treatment population in Jordan, an Islamic country.
A qualitative study design using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with a sample of 25 males in addiction treatment. The sample was drawn from a cohort of in-patients at a treatment centre in Amman, Jordan who had already participated in a quantitative survey. A purposive sample was selected to ensure the inclusion of a range of characteristics that might affect their experience of developing addiction and its consequences, i.e., age, marital status and educational level. Interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis conducted using verbatim quotes to illustrate themes. Themes were mapped onto the biopsychosocial-spiritual model of addiction.
This study found addiction was associated with a range of health (physical and psychological), social and spiritual factors. Unpleasant physical withdrawal effects, psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and suicide attempts, were experienced. There was breakdown in marital and family relations, loss of employment, involvement in crime and neglect of religious practices, resulting in social isolation.
This study found that, despite some differences in emphasis, the biopsychosocial, spiritual model of addiction fit wel,l particularly given the relative importance of religion in Islamic culture. Spirituality was not explored and further study of spirituality versus religious practice in this culture is recommended.
在已发表的文献中，关于中东和伊斯兰国家物质使用与成瘾的研究匮乏。本研究首次探讨成瘾的生物心理社会 - 精神模型是否适用于一个伊斯兰国家——约旦的成瘾治疗人群。
采用定性研究设计，对25名接受成瘾治疗的男性进行半结构化面对面访谈。样本取自约旦安曼一个治疗中心的住院患者队列，这些患者已参与过一项定量调查。采用立意抽样以确保纳入一系列可能影响其成瘾经历及其后果的特征，即年龄、婚姻状况和教育水平。访谈内容被转录，并使用逐字引用来进行主题分析以阐明主题。主题被映射到成瘾的生物心理社会 - 精神模型上。
本研究发现成瘾与一系列健康（身体和心理）、社会和精神因素相关。经历了不愉快的身体戒断效应、心理症状，如焦虑和自杀企图。婚姻和家庭关系破裂、失业现象、卷入犯罪以及忽视宗教活动，导致社会孤立。
本研究发现，尽管在侧重点上存在一些差异，但成瘾的生物心理社会 - 精神模型非常适用，特别是考虑到宗教在伊斯兰文化中的相对重要性。本研究未探讨精神性，建议进一步研究这种文化中精神性与宗教活动的关系。
