Robertson A H, Larivière C, Leduc C R, McGillis Z, Eger T, Godwin A, Larivière M, Dorman S C
Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)-Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 20;12(1):e0169390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169390. eCollection 2017.
The seasonal profession of wildland fire fighting in Canada requires individuals to work in harsh environmental conditions that are physically demanding. The purpose of this study was to use novel technologies to evaluate the physiological demands and nutritional practices of Canadian FireRangers during fire deployments.
Participants (n = 21) from a northern Ontario Fire Base volunteered for this study and data collection occurred during the 2014 fire season and included Initial Attack (IA), Project Fire (P), and Fire Base (B) deployments. Deployment-specific energy demands and physiological responses were measured using heart-rate variability (HRV) monitoring devices (Zephyr BioHarness3 units). Food consumption behaviour and nutrient quantity and quality were captured using audio-video food logs on iPod Touches and analyzed by NutriBase Pro 11 software.
Insufficient kilocalories were consumed relative to expenditure for all deployment types. Average daily kilocalories consumed: IA: 3758 (80% consumption rate); P: 2945±888.8; B: 2433±570.8. Average daily kilocalorie expenditure: IA: 4538±106.3; P: 4012±1164.8; B: 2842±649.9. The Average Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein was acceptable: 22-25% (across deployment types). Whereas the AMDR for fat and carbohydrates were high: 40-50%; and low: 27-37% respectively, across deployment types.
This study is the first to use the described methodology to simultaneously evaluate energy expenditures and nutritional practices in an occupational setting. The results support the use of HRV monitoring and video-food capture, in occupational field settings, to assess job demands. FireRangers expended the most energy during IA, and the least during B deployments. These results indicate the need to develop strategies centered on maintaining physical fitness and improving food practices.
在加拿大，野外灭火是一项季节性工作，要求工作人员在对体力要求极高的恶劣环境中工作。本研究的目的是利用新技术评估加拿大森林消防员在火灾扑救任务期间的生理需求和营养状况。
来自安大略省北部一个消防基地的21名参与者自愿参与本研究，数据收集于2014年火灾季节进行，包括初始攻击（IA）、项目火灾（P）和消防基地（B）任务。使用心率变异性（HRV）监测设备（Zephyr BioHarness3装置）测量特定任务的能量需求和生理反应。通过iPod Touch上的音频视频食物记录捕捉食物消费行为以及营养素的数量和质量，并由NutriBase Pro 11软件进行分析。
相对于所有任务类型的能量消耗，摄入的卡路里不足。平均每日摄入卡路里：IA：3758（消耗率80%）；P：2945±888.8；B：2433±570.8。平均每日卡路里消耗：IA：4538±106.3；P：4012±1164.8；B：2842±649.9。蛋白质的平均宏量营养素分布范围（AMDR）是可接受的：22 - 25%（所有任务类型）。而脂肪和碳水化合物的AMDR分别较高：40 - 50%；以及较低：27 - 37%，所有任务类型均如此。
本研究首次使用所描述的方法在职业环境中同时评估能量消耗和营养状况。结果支持在职业现场环境中使用HRV监测和视频食物记录来评估工作需求。森林消防员在IA任务期间消耗的能量最多，在B任务期间消耗的最少。这些结果表明需要制定以保持身体健康和改善饮食为中心的策略。
