Roth-Monzón Andrea J, Scott Laura E, Camargo Ashley A, Clark Eliza I, Schott Eric E, Johnson Jerald B
Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.
Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 20;12(1):e0170326. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170326. eCollection 2017.
In this study, we explored the possibility that differences in pigmentation patterns among populations of the fish Poeciliopsis baenschi were associated with the presence or absence of the closely related species P. turneri. If reproductive character displacement is responsible, spotting patterns in these two species should diverge in sympatry, but not allopatry. We predicted that female P. baenschi from sympatric sites should show a preference for associating with conspecifics vs. heterospecific males, but females from allopatric sites should show no such preferences. To evaluate these predictions, we compared spotting patterns and female association behaviors in populations of P. baenschi from Central Mexico. We found that both of our predictions were supported. Poeciliopsis baenschi that co-occured with P. turneri had spotting patterns significantly different than their counterparts from allopatric sites. Using a simultaneous choice test of video presentations of males, we also found that female P. baenschi from populations that co-occured with P. turneri spent significantly more time with males of their own species than with P. turneri males. In contrast, females from allopatric populations of P. baenschi showed no differences in the amount of time they spent with either conspecific or heterospecific males. Together, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive character displacement may be responsible for behavioral and spotting pattern differences in these populations of P. baenschi.
在本研究中，我们探讨了鱼类巴氏食蚊鱼（Poeciliopsis baenschi）种群间色素沉着模式差异与近缘物种特纳氏食蚊鱼（P. turneri）的有无相关的可能性。如果生殖特征替代起作用，那么这两个物种的斑点模式在同域分布时应会趋异，而异域分布时则不会。我们预测，来自同域分布地点的巴氏食蚊鱼雌鱼应表现出偏好与同种雄鱼而非异种雄鱼交往，但来自异域分布地点的雌鱼不应表现出这种偏好。为评估这些预测，我们比较了来自墨西哥中部的巴氏食蚊鱼种群的斑点模式和雌鱼交往行为。我们发现这两个预测均得到了支持。与特纳氏食蚊鱼同域分布的巴氏食蚊鱼的斑点模式与来自异域分布地点的同类显著不同。通过对雄鱼视频展示进行同时选择测试，我们还发现，与特纳氏食蚊鱼同域分布的巴氏食蚊鱼种群中的雌鱼与同种雄鱼相处的时间明显多于与特纳氏食蚊鱼雄鱼相处的时间。相比之下，来自巴氏食蚊鱼异域分布种群的雌鱼与同种或异种雄鱼相处的时间没有差异。总之，我们的结果与生殖特征替代可能导致这些巴氏食蚊鱼种群行为和斑点模式差异这一假设一致。
