Franssen Mathijs, Claes Nathalie, Vervliet Bram, Beckers Tom, Hermans Dirk, Baeyens Frank
Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
Behav Processes. 2017 Apr;137:73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
In two experiments, using an online conditioned suppression task, we investigated the possibility of reinstatement of extinguished feature-target compound presentations after sequential feature-positive discrimination training in humans. Furthermore, given a hierarchical account of Pavlovian modulation (e.g., Bonardi, 1998; Bonardi and Jennings, 2009), we predicted A-US reinstatement to be stronger than US-only reinstatement. In Experiment 1, participants learned a sequential feature-positive discrimination (X→A|A), which was subsequently extinguished (X→A). During the following reinstatement phase, group US-only received US-only presentations (not signalled), group A-US received A-US presentations, and the Control group received exposure to the context, but no CSs or USs, for an equal amount of time. Reinstatement of differential X→A/A responding was observed in the US-only group but not in the Control or A-US groups. Although differential X→A/A responding was not significant in group A-US, responding to the X→A compound was significantly stronger compared to that in group US-only. Hence, it could be the case the group A-US showed stronger reinstatement, but that differential responding was abolished due to excitation gained by A. Experiment 2 was set up to circumvent the acquired excitation of A by testing transfer of the feature after A-US reinstatement to a different target, B. Participants acquired two discriminations, X→A/A and Y→B/B, of which X→A was then extinguished. Subsequently, group A-US received reinforced presentations of A during a reinstatement phase while group Control received exposure to the context. Final testing of the novel X→B compound was hypothesized to show higher responding in group A-US than in group Control, but findings of this approach were limited due to acquired equivalence and/or perceptual factors causing a secondary extinction effect. We conclude to have obtained clear evidence in favour of reinstatement of differential responding after human Feature-Positive discrimination training and subsequent compound extinction, but no evidence in favour of A-US presentations being a stronger trigger for reinstatement than are US-only presentations.
在两项实验中，我们使用在线条件性抑制任务，研究了人类在进行序列性特征阳性辨别训练后，消退的特征-目标复合刺激呈现恢复的可能性。此外，基于巴甫洛夫调制的层级理论（例如，博纳迪，1998；博纳迪和詹宁斯，2009），我们预测A-US恢复比仅US恢复更强。在实验1中，参与者学习了序列性特征阳性辨别（X→A|A），随后该辨别被消退（X→A）。在接下来的恢复阶段，仅US组接受仅US呈现（无信号），A-US组接受A-US呈现，而对照组在相同时间内接受情境暴露，但无条件刺激或无条件刺激。在仅US组中观察到了差异性X→A/A反应的恢复，但在对照组或A-US组中未观察到。尽管A-US组中差异性X→A/A反应不显著，但与仅US组相比，对X→A复合刺激的反应显著更强。因此，可能是A-US组表现出更强的恢复，但由于A获得的兴奋导致差异性反应被消除。实验2的设置是为了通过测试A-US恢复后特征向不同目标B的转移来规避A获得的兴奋。参与者学习了两种辨别，X→A/A和Y→B/B，其中X→A随后被消退。随后，A-US组在恢复阶段接受A的强化呈现，而对照组接受情境暴露。假设对新型X→B复合刺激的最终测试将显示A-US组的反应高于对照组，但由于获得性等效性和/或感知因素导致二次消退效应，这种方法的结果有限。我们得出结论，有明确证据支持人类特征阳性辨别训练及随后的复合刺激消退后差异性反应的恢复，但没有证据支持A-US呈现比仅US呈现是更强的恢复触发因素。
