Cole Suzanne L, Ho Ling-Pei
MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, U.K.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2017 Feb 1;131(4):269-283. doi: 10.1042/CS20160484.
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause respiratory illness of varying severity based on the virus strains, host predisposition and pre-existing immunity. Ultimately, outcome and recovery from infection rely on an effective immune response comprising both innate and adaptive components. The innate immune response provides the first line of defence and is crucial to the outcome of infection. Airway epithelial cells are the first cell type to encounter the virus in the lungs, providing antiviral and chemotactic molecules that shape the ensuing immune response by rapidly recruiting innate effector cells such as NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. Each cell type has unique mechanisms to combat virus-infected cells and limit viral replication, however their actions may also lead to pathology. This review focuses how innate cells contribute to protection and pathology, and provides evidence for their involvement in immune pathology in IAV infections.
甲型流感病毒（IAV）根据病毒株、宿主易感性和既往免疫力导致不同严重程度的呼吸道疾病。最终，感染后的结果和恢复依赖于由先天和适应性成分组成的有效免疫反应。先天免疫反应提供了第一道防线，对感染的结果至关重要。气道上皮细胞是肺部最先接触病毒的细胞类型，它们提供抗病毒和趋化分子，通过迅速招募先天效应细胞如自然杀伤细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞来塑造随后的免疫反应。每种细胞类型都有独特的机制来对抗病毒感染的细胞并限制病毒复制，然而它们的作用也可能导致病理变化。这篇综述重点关注先天细胞如何促成保护和病理变化，并为它们参与IAV感染中的免疫病理提供证据。
