Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Mar;220(2 Pt A):77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.01.001. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
The developing fetus and pregnant woman can be exposed to a variety of environmental chemicals that may adversely affect their health. Moreover, environmental exposure and risk disparities are associated with different social determinants, including socioeconomic status (SES) and demographic indicators. Our aim was to investigate whether and how maternal concentrations of a large panel of persistent and non-persistent environmental chemicals vary according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a large pregnancy and birth cohort.
Data were analyzed from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a cohort of pregnant women (N=2001) recruited over four years (2008-2011) in 10 cities across Canada. In all, 1890 urine and 1938 blood samples from the first trimester (1st and 3rd trimester for metals) were analysed and six sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators were assessed: maternal age, household income, parity, smoking status, country of birth and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).
We found these indicators to be significantly associated with many of the chemicals measured in maternal blood and urine. Women born outside Canada had significantly higher concentrations of di-2-ethylhexyl and diethyl phthalate metabolites, higher levels of all metals except cadmium (Cd), as well as higher levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Nulliparity was associated with higher concentrations of dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and many of the persistent organic pollutants. Smokers had higher levels of bisphenol A, Cd and perfluorohexane sulfonate, while those women who had never smoked had higher levels of triclosan, DMAA, manganese and some OCPs.
Our results demonstrated that inequitable distribution of exposure to chemicals among populations within a country can occur. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are an important component of a thorough risk assessment as they can impact the degree of exposure and may modify the individual's susceptibility to potential health effects due to differences in lifestyle, cultural diets, and aging.
发育中的胎儿和孕妇可能会接触到各种环境化学物质，这些物质可能会对他们的健康产生不良影响。此外，环境暴露和风险差异与不同的社会决定因素有关，包括社会经济地位（SES）和人口指标。我们的目的是调查在一个大型妊娠和出生队列中，母体中大量持久性和非持久性环境化学物质的浓度是否以及如何根据社会人口统计学和生活方式特征而变化。
对来自环境化学物质母婴研究（MIREC）的研究数据进行了分析，这是一个在加拿大 10 个城市招募的孕妇队列（N=2001），招募时间为四年（2008-2011 年）。共分析了 1890 份尿液和 1938 份第一孕期（第 1 期和第 3 期采集的金属样本）的血液样本，评估了 6 个社会人口统计学和生活方式指标：母亲年龄、家庭收入、产次、吸烟状况、出生地和孕前体重指数（BMI）。
我们发现这些指标与母体血液和尿液中测量的许多化学物质显著相关。在加拿大以外出生的女性具有明显更高的二（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯代谢物浓度，所有金属（除镉外）浓度更高，多氯联苯（PCBs）和遗留有机氯农药（OCPs）浓度更高。初产妇与更高浓度的二烷基磷酸酯（DAPs）、砷、二甲基砷酸（DMAA）、全氟烷基物质（PFASs）和许多持久性有机污染物有关。吸烟者体内双酚 A、镉和全氟己烷磺酸水平较高，而从不吸烟的女性三氯生、DMAA、锰和一些 OCPs 水平较高。
我们的结果表明，在一个国家内，人群之间接触化学物质的不平等分布可能会发生。社会人口统计学和生活方式因素是全面风险评估的一个重要组成部分，因为它们会影响暴露程度，并可能由于生活方式、文化饮食和衰老等方面的差异，改变个体对潜在健康影响的易感性。
