Centre for Arctic Health & Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Primary Health Care Center, Nuuk, Greenland.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Oct 1;529:198-212. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.022. Epub 2015 May 23.
The Greenlandic Inuit have high blood concentrations of environmental persistent organic pollutants (POPs). High POP concentrations have been associated with age, smoking and consumption of marine mammals. Studies have indicated that exposure to POPs during pregnancy may adversely affect fetal and child development. To assess geographical differences in diet, lifestyle and environmental contaminant exposure among pregnant women in Greenland, blood samples and questionnaire data were collected from 207 pregnant women in five Greenlandic regions (North, Disco Bay, West, South and East). Blood samples were analyzed for 11 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 5 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 15 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and 63 metals. A trend of higher intake of marine mammals in the East and North regions was reflected by a higher n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. Participants in the East region tended also to have higher intake of terrestrial species. A significant higher seabird intake was seen for pregnant women in the West region. Significant regional differences were found for blood concentrations of PCBs, OCPs, PFASs and mercury, with higher levels in the North and East regions. PFASs were significantly associated with PCBs and OCPs in most of the regions. In the North region, PFASs were associated with both selenium and mercury. No significant regional difference was observed for PBDEs. The regional differences of blood levels of POPs and mercury were related to differences in intake of the traditional food. Compared to earlier reports, decreased levels of legacy POPs, Hg and Pb and perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid were observed, but the levels of PFAS congeners perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorononanoic acid were sustained. The detection of POPs and heavy metals in maternal blood indicates fetal exposure to these compounds possibly influencing fetal development.
格陵兰因纽特人的血液中含有高浓度的环境持久性有机污染物 (POPs)。高浓度的 POPs 与年龄、吸烟和食用海洋哺乳动物有关。研究表明，孕妇在怀孕期间接触 POPs 可能会对胎儿和儿童发育产生不利影响。为了评估格陵兰孕妇在饮食、生活方式和环境污染物暴露方面的地域差异，从格陵兰五个地区（北、迪斯可湾、西、南和东）的 207 名孕妇中采集了血液样本和问卷调查数据。对血液样本进行了 11 种有机氯农药 (OCPs)、14 种多氯联苯 (PCBs)、5 种多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs)、15 种全氟烷基物质 (PFASs) 和 63 种金属的分析。东地区和北地区海洋哺乳动物摄入量较高，这反映在 n-3/n-6 脂肪酸比例较高。东地区的参与者也倾向于摄入更多的陆地物种。西地区的孕妇海鸟摄入量明显较高。血液中 PCBs、OCPs、PFASs 和汞的浓度存在显著的地域差异，北地区和东地区的浓度较高。PFASs 与大多数地区的 PCBs 和 OCPs 呈显著相关。在北地区，PFASs 与硒和汞都有关。PBDEs 没有明显的地域差异。POPs 和汞的血液水平的地域差异与传统食物摄入量的差异有关。与早期的报告相比，发现了旧 POPs、Hg 和 Pb 以及全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的水平降低，但全氟己烷磺酸和全氟壬酸的 PFAS 同系物的水平保持不变。母体血液中 POPs 和重金属的检测表明胎儿可能接触到这些化合物，从而影响胎儿发育。
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