Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135, Augsburg, Germany.
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2017 Mar;4(1):21-29. doi: 10.1007/s40572-017-0129-0.
The purpose of this review is to highlight the latest developments in the field of weather and health with a focus on the elderly. The current state of knowledge is summarized and open questions and emerging fields of research are discussed.
It is expected that climate change will lead to higher global average surface temperatures and more extreme climatic conditions. Previous studies have shown that non-optimal temperatures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, specifically in elderly people. Future research fields comprise e.g., synergistic effects between meteorological variables and air pollution; long-term impacts of temperature changes; novel unraveling the underlying pathways using blood biomarkers; the association between temperature and mental health; and urban planning and adaptation processes. Understanding the health impacts associated with changes in thermal conditions requires multidisciplinary approaches. Adaptation processes, as well as improvements in urban planning and warning systems, can help reduce the predicted burden of climate change, especially in the elderly.
本次综述的目的在于重点关注老年人，强调天气与健康领域的最新研究进展。本文总结了现有知识体系，讨论了仍存在的问题和新的研究领域。
预计气候变化将导致全球平均地表温度升高和更极端的气候条件。既往研究表明，非最佳温度与发病率和死亡率升高相关，特别是在老年人中。未来的研究领域包括气象变量与空气污染之间的协同作用、温度变化的长期影响、利用血液生物标志物揭示潜在途径、温度与心理健康之间的关系以及城市规划和适应过程。了解与热条件变化相关的健康影响需要采取多学科方法。适应过程，以及城市规划和预警系统的改进，可以帮助减轻气候变化带来的预计负担，特别是在老年人中。
