Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, The National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Dec;63(8):3119-3132. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03494-9. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between plant protein, animal protein and biological aging through different dimensions of biological aging indices. Then explore the effects of substitution of plant protein, animal protein, and their food sources on biological aging.
The data came from 79,294 participants in the UK Biobank who completed at least two 24-h dietary assessments. Higher Klemera-Doubal Method Biological Age (HKDM-BA), higher PhenoAge (HPA), higher allostatic load (HAL), and longer telomere length (LTL) were estimated to assess biological aging. Logistic regression was used to estimate protein-biological aging associations. Substitution model was performed to assess the effect of dietary protein substitutions.
Plant protein intake was inversely associated with HKDM-BA, HPA, HAL, and positively associated with LTL (odds ratios after fully adjusting and comparing the highest to the lowest quartile: 0.83 (0.79-0.88) for HKDM-BA, 0.86 (0.72-0.94) for HPA, 0.90 (0.85-0.95) for HAL, 1.06 (1.01-1.12) for LTL), while animal protein was not correlated with the four indices. Substituting 5% of energy intake from animal protein with plant protein, replacing red meat or poultry with whole grains, and replacing red or processed meat with nuts, were negatively associated with HKDM-BA, HPA, HAL and positively associated with LTL. However, an inverse association was found when legumes were substituted for yogurt. Gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase mediated the relationship between plant protein and HKDM-BA, HPA, HAL, and LTL (mediation proportion 11.5-24.5%; 1.9-6.7%; 2.8-4.5%, respectively).
Higher plant protein intake is inversely associated with biological aging. Although there is no association with animal protein, food with animal proteins displayed a varied correlation.
本研究旨在通过不同的生物老化指标维度，评估植物蛋白、动物蛋白与生物老化之间的关系。然后探讨植物蛋白、动物蛋白及其食物来源替代对生物老化的影响。
数据来自英国生物库（UK Biobank）的 79294 名参与者，他们至少完成了两次 24 小时膳食评估。使用更高的克莱默-道巴尔生物年龄（HKDM-BA）、更高的 PhenoAge（HPA）、更高的全身适应负荷（HAL）和更长的端粒长度（LTL）来评估生物老化。使用逻辑回归估计蛋白质与生物老化的关联。替代模型用于评估饮食蛋白替代的效果。
植物蛋白摄入量与 HKDM-BA、HPA、HAL 呈负相关，与 LTL 呈正相关（经过完全调整并比较最高四分位数与最低四分位数后：HKDM-BA 为 0.83（0.79-0.88），HPA 为 0.86（0.72-0.94），HAL 为 0.90（0.85-0.95），LTL 为 1.06（1.01-1.12）），而动物蛋白与这四个指数没有相关性。用植物蛋白替代 5%的能量摄入、用全谷物替代红肉或禽肉、用坚果替代红肉或加工肉与 HKDM-BA、HPA、HAL 呈负相关，与 LTL 呈正相关。然而，用豆类替代酸奶时则呈相反关系。谷氨酰转肽酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶介导了植物蛋白与 HKDM-BA、HPA、HAL 和 LTL 之间的关系（中介比例分别为 11.5-24.5%、1.9-6.7%、2.8-4.5%）。
较高的植物蛋白摄入量与生物老化呈负相关。虽然与动物蛋白没有关联，但动物蛋白类食物的相关性则各不相同。
