Zhang Y Y, Liu W, Zhao T Y, Tian H M
H.M. Tian, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, GuoXue Lane 37, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China, Tel./fax: +86 028 85422982, E-mail addresses:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(2):187-192. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0755-5.
Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may reduce weight. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate evidence for the efficacy of n-3 PUFA in managing overweight and obesity.
We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until May 2015. Two reviewers independently determined the eligibility of studies and assessed the reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
A total of 11 RCTs involving 617 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis of nine studies, a statistically nonsignificant difference was revealed in weight loss between n-3 PUFA and placebo (p=0.99; weighted mean difference [WMD]: 0.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.42 to 0.43), whereas n-3 PUFA was superior to placebo in reducing serum triglyceride levels (p=0.0007; standard median difference [Std MD]: -0.59; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.25). Based on meta-analysis of seven studies, the analysis of aggregated data showed a significant reduction in waist circumference (p=0.005; WMD: -0.53; 95% CI -0.90 to -0.16). There were no significant differences in body mass index, total serum levels of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose levels.
The evidence from RCTs showed that n-3 PUFA might effectively reduce waist circumference and triglyceride levels in overweight and obese adults, but n-3 PUFA may not effectively reduce body weight. Given the small number and poor quality of RCTs included in the meta-analysis, these results are inconclusive. A large-scale, well-designed RCT is needed to further address this issue.
对啮齿动物和人类的研究表明，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）可能有助于减轻体重。本荟萃分析的目的是评估n-3 PUFA在管理超重和肥胖方面疗效的证据。
我们对PubMed、Embase和Cochrane对照试验中央注册库进行了系统检索，直至2015年5月。两名审阅者独立确定研究的 eligibility，并评估纳入的随机对照试验（RCT）的报告质量。
本荟萃分析共纳入11项RCT，涉及617名参与者。基于对9项研究的荟萃分析，n-3 PUFA与安慰剂在体重减轻方面无统计学显著差异（p = 0.99；加权平均差[WMD]：0.00；95%置信区间[CI] -0.42至0.43），而n-3 PUFA在降低血清甘油三酯水平方面优于安慰剂（p = 0.0007；标准中位数差[Std MD]：-0.59；95% CI -0.93至-0.25）。基于对7项研究的荟萃分析，汇总数据分析显示腰围显著减小（p = 0.005；WMD：-0.53；95% CI -0.90至-0.16）。体重指数、总血清胆固醇水平、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和空腹血糖水平无显著差异。
RCT的证据表明，n-3 PUFA可能有效降低超重和肥胖成年人的腰围和甘油三酯水平，但n-3 PUFA可能无法有效减轻体重。鉴于荟萃分析中纳入的RCT数量少且质量差，这些结果尚无定论。需要进行大规模、设计良好的RCT来进一步解决这个问题。
