Power Garry F, Conlon Elizabeth G
School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland,
J Vis. 2017 Jan 1;17(1):4. doi: 10.1167/17.1.4.
Older adults are known to perform more poorly on measures of the functional field of view (FFOV) than younger adults. Specific contributions by poor bottom-up and or top-down control of visual attention to the reduced FFOV of older adults were investigated. Error rates of older and younger adults were compared on a FFOV task in which a central identification task, peripheral localization task, and peripheral distractors were presented in high and low contrast. Older adults made more errors in all conditions. The effect of age was independent of the contrast of the peripheral target or distractors. The performance cost of including the central task was measured and found to be negligible for younger adults. For older adults performance costs were present in all conditions, greater with distractors than without, and greater for a low rather than high contrast central stimulus when the peripheral target was high contrast. These results are consistent with older adults compensating for reduced sensory input or bottom-up capture of attention by relying more heavily on top-down control for which they are resource limited.
众所周知，老年人在功能性视野（FFOV）测量方面的表现比年轻人差。研究了视觉注意力的自下而上和/或自上而下控制不佳对老年人FFOV降低的具体影响。在一项FFOV任务中，比较了老年人和年轻人的错误率，该任务中呈现了高对比度和低对比度的中央识别任务、外周定位任务以及外周干扰物。老年人在所有条件下都犯了更多错误。年龄的影响与外周目标或干扰物的对比度无关。测量了包含中央任务的性能成本，发现对年轻人来说可以忽略不计。对于老年人，在所有条件下都存在性能成本，有干扰物时比没有干扰物时更高，当外周目标为高对比度时，低对比度中央刺激比高对比度中央刺激的性能成本更高。这些结果与老年人通过更依赖自上而下的控制来补偿感觉输入减少或自下而上的注意力捕获相一致，而他们在这方面资源有限。
