Barnert Elizabeth S, Dudovitz Rebecca, Nelson Bergen B, Coker Tumaini R, Biely Christopher, Li Ning, Chung Paul J
Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,
UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital, and.
Pediatrics. 2017 Feb;139(2). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2624.
Despite the widespread epidemic of mass incarceration in the US, relatively little literature exists examining the longitudinal relationship between youth incarceration and adult health outcomes. We sought to quantify the association of youth incarceration with subsequent adult health outcomes.
We analyzed data from 14 344 adult participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We used weighted multivariate logistic regressions to investigate the relationship between cumulative incarceration duration (none, <1 month, 1-12 months, and >1 year) before Wave IV (ages 24-34 years) and subsequent adult health outcomes (general health, functional limitations, depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts). Models controlled for Wave I (grades 7-12) baseline health, sociodemographics, and covariates associated with incarceration and health.
A total of 14.0% of adults reported being incarcerated between Waves I and IV. Of these, 50.3% reported a cumulative incarceration duration of <1 month, 34.8% reported 1 to 12 months, and 15.0% reported >1 year. Compared with no incarceration, incarceration duration of < 1 month predicted subsequent adult depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.80; P = .005). A duration of 1 to 12 months predicted worse subsequent adult general health (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.96; P = .007). A duration of >1 year predicted subsequent adult functional limitations (OR = 2.92; 95% CI, 1.51-5.64; P = .002), adult depressive symptoms (OR = 4.18; 95% CI, 2.48-7.06; P < .001), and adult suicidal thoughts (OR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.09-5.01; P = .029).
Cumulative incarceration duration during adolescence and early adulthood is independently associated with worse physical and mental health later in adulthood. Potential mechanisms merit exploration.
尽管美国大规模监禁现象普遍，但研究青少年监禁与成年后健康状况之间纵向关系的文献相对较少。我们试图量化青少年监禁与成年后健康状况之间的关联。
我们分析了全国青少年至成人健康纵向研究中14344名成年参与者的数据。我们使用加权多变量逻辑回归来研究在第四波调查（24 - 34岁）之前的累计监禁时长（无、<1个月、1 - 12个月和>1年）与成年后健康状况（总体健康、功能受限、抑郁症状和自杀念头）之间的关系。模型控制了第一波调查（7 - 12年级）时的基线健康状况、社会人口统计学因素以及与监禁和健康相关的协变量。
共有14.0%的成年人报告在第一波和第四波调查期间曾被监禁。其中，50.3%报告累计监禁时长<1个月，34.8%报告为1至12个月，15.0%报告>1年。与未被监禁相比，监禁时长<1个月可预测成年后出现抑郁症状（优势比[OR]=1.41；95%置信区间[CI]，1.11 - 至1.80；P = 0.005）。监禁时长为1至12个月可预测成年后总体健康状况较差（OR = 1.48；95% CI，1.12 - 1.96；P = 0.007）。监禁时长>1年可预测成年后功能受限（OR = 2.92；95% CI，1.51 - 5.64；P = 0.002）、成年抑郁症状（OR = 4.18；95% CI，2.48 - 7.06；P < 0.001）以及成年自杀念头（OR = 2.34；95% CI，1.09 - 5.01；P = 0.029）。
青少年期和成年早期的累计监禁时长与成年后期较差的身心健康独立相关。潜在机制值得探索。
