Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Jun 1;46(3):839-849. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw346.
Growing evidence indicates that immigration policy and enforcement adversely affect the well-being of Latino immigrants, but fewer studies examine 'spillover effects' on USA-born Latinos. Immigration enforcement is often diffuse, covert and difficult to measure. By contrast, the federal immigration raid in Postville, Iowa, in 2008 was, at the time, the largest single-site federal immigration raid in US history.
We employed a quasi-experimental design, examining ethnicity-specific patterns in birth outcomes before and after the Postville raid. We analysed Iowa birth-certificate data to compare risk of term and preterm low birthweight (LBW), by ethnicity and nativity, in the 37 weeks following the raid to the same 37-week period the previous year ( n = 52 344). We model risk of adverse birth outcomes using modified Poisson regression and model distribution of birthweight using quantile regression.
Infants born to Latina mothers had a 24% greater risk of LBW after the raid when compared with the same period 1 year earlier [risk ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.24 (0.98, 1.57)]. No such change was observed among infants born to non-Latina White mothers. Increased risk of LBW was observed for USA-born and immigrant Latina mothers. The association between raid timing and LBW was stronger among term than preterm births. Changes in birthweight after the raid primarily reflected decreased birthweight below the 5th percentile of the distribution, not a shift in mean birthweight.
Our findings highlight the implications of racialized stressors not only for the health of Latino immigrants, but also for USA-born co-ethnics.
越来越多的证据表明，移民政策和执法对拉丁裔移民的福祉产生了不利影响，但较少的研究探讨了对美国出生的拉丁裔的“溢出效应”。移民执法往往是分散的、隐蔽的，难以衡量。相比之下，2008 年爱荷华州波斯特维尔的联邦移民突袭事件是美国历史上最大的单一地点联邦移民突袭事件。
我们采用了准实验设计，在波斯特维尔突袭事件前后，检查了不同族裔出生结果的特定模式。我们分析了爱荷华州出生证明数据，以比较突袭后 37 周内按族裔和出生地点划分的足月和早产低出生体重（LBW）的风险，与前一年同期的相同 37 周进行比较（n=52344）。我们使用修正泊松回归模型来分析不良出生结果的风险，使用分位数回归模型来分析出生体重的分布。
与前一年同期相比，拉丁裔母亲所生婴儿的 LBW 风险增加了 24%（风险比（95%置信区间）=1.24（0.98，1.57））。非拉丁裔白人母亲所生婴儿没有观察到这种变化。美国出生和移民拉丁裔母亲的 LBW 风险增加。突袭时间与 LBW 之间的关联在足月分娩中比在早产中更强。突袭后出生体重的变化主要反映了出生体重低于分布第 5 百分位数的情况，而不是平均出生体重的变化。
我们的研究结果强调了种族化压力不仅对拉丁裔移民的健康，而且对美国出生的同族裔的健康都有影响。
