Ro Annie, Bruckner Tim A, Duquette-Rury Lauren
Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2020 Feb 19;249:112849. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112849.
While several studies find adverse birth outcomes among Latina mothers after discrete immigration enforcement events, it is unknown whether day-to-day enforcement activities precede adverse birth outcomes. This study examines birth outcomes among Latinas following local immigrant apprehensions-48-h holds on suspected undocumented immigrants by local law enforcement-over an 8-year period. County-level apprehensions, scaled to 1000 of the population, were averaged across the third trimester. We analyzed the association between county-level apprehensions and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) between 2008 and 2015 in California using spline logistic regression models with knots at the quartiles of apprehensions and included covariates, county fixed-effects, and a time propensity variable to account for trend and seasonality in LBW and PTB. We performed these regressions for non-Hispanic White, all Latina, and foreign-born (FB) Latina mothers. There were no significant associations between apprehensions and LBW. For all Latina women, there were no differences in PTB between zero apprehensions and levels that were below the median. Latina mothers exposed to moderately high apprehensions had lower odds for PTB compared to zero apprehensions. At the highest levels of apprehensions, however, Latina women showed significantly elevated odds of PTB (at 0.71 apprehensions: OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12). PTB responded differentially to localized enforcement threats. At lower and moderate levels, Latino communities may have mobilized in ways that reduced the risk for PTB. Risks emerged at the highest levels of enforcement, underlying the intense fear and anxiety in hyper-surveilled areas.
虽然多项研究发现，在离散的移民执法事件后，拉丁裔母亲会出现不良生育结局，但日常执法活动是否先于不良生育结局尚不清楚。本研究调查了拉丁裔女性在当地移民被捕事件（当地执法部门对疑似无证移民进行48小时扣押）后的生育结局，研究时间跨度为8年。将县级逮捕人数按每1000人口进行缩放，并在孕晚期进行平均计算。我们使用样条逻辑回归模型分析了2008年至2015年加利福尼亚州县级逮捕人数与低出生体重（LBW）和早产（PTB）之间的关联，模型节点位于逮捕人数的四分位数处，并纳入了协变量、县固定效应以及一个时间倾向变量，以解释LBW和PTB的趋势和季节性。我们对非西班牙裔白人、所有拉丁裔以及外国出生（FB）的拉丁裔母亲进行了这些回归分析。逮捕人数与LBW之间没有显著关联。对于所有拉丁裔女性，逮捕人数为零与低于中位数水平时的PTB没有差异。与逮捕人数为零相比，暴露于中等偏高逮捕人数的拉丁裔母亲发生PTB的几率较低。然而，在逮捕人数最高水平时，拉丁裔女性发生PTB的几率显著升高（逮捕人数为0.71时：OR = 1.06，95% CI 1.01 - 1.12）。PTB对局部执法威胁的反应存在差异。在较低和中等水平时，拉丁裔社区可能以降低PTB风险的方式进行了动员。在最高执法水平时出现了风险，这突显了高度监控地区的强烈恐惧和焦虑。
