II型自然杀伤T细胞及其在健康与疾病中的新作用
Type II NKT Cells and Their Emerging Role in Health and Disease.
作者信息
Dhodapkar Madhav V, Kumar Vipin
机构信息
Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510;
Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510.
出版信息
J Immunol. 2017 Feb 1;198(3):1015-1021. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601399.
NKT cells recognize lipid Ags presented by a class I MHC-like molecule CD1d, a member of the CD1 family. Although most initial studies on NKT cells focused on a subset with semi-invariant TCR termed invariant NKT cells, the majority of CD1d-restricted lipid-reactive human T cells express diverse TCRs and are termed type II NKT cells. These cells constitute a distinct population of circulating and tissue-resident effector T cells with immune-regulatory properties. They react to a growing list of self- as well as non-self-lipid ligands, and share some properties with both invariant NKT and conventional T cells. An emerging body of evidence points to their role in the regulation of immunity to pathogens/tumors and in autoimmune/metabolic disorders. An improved understanding of the biology of these cells and the ability to manipulate their function may be of therapeutic benefit in diverse disease conditions.
自然杀伤T细胞（NKT细胞）识别由I类主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）样分子CD1d（CD1家族成员）呈递的脂质抗原。尽管大多数关于NKT细胞的初步研究集中在具有半不变T细胞受体（TCR）的一个亚群，即不变NKT细胞，但大多数CD1d限制性脂质反应性人类T细胞表达多样的TCR，被称为II型NKT细胞。这些细胞构成了具有免疫调节特性的循环和组织驻留效应T细胞的独特群体。它们对越来越多的自身以及非自身脂质配体产生反应，并与不变NKT细胞和传统T细胞都具有一些共同特性。越来越多的证据表明它们在调节对病原体/肿瘤的免疫以及自身免疫/代谢紊乱中发挥作用。更好地理解这些细胞的生物学特性以及操纵其功能的能力可能在多种疾病状况下具有治疗益处。
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