Rubin D C, Baddeley A D
Mem Cognit. 1989 Nov;17(6):653-61. doi: 10.3758/bf03202626.
A model of telescoping is proposed that assumes no systematic errors in dating. Rather, the overestimation of recent occurrences of events is based on the combination of three factors: (1) Retention is greater for recent events; (2) errors in dating, though unbiased, increase linearly with the time since the dated event; and (3) intrusions often occur from events outside the period being asked about, but such intrusions do not come from events that have not yet occurred. In Experiment 1, we found that recall for colloquia fell markedly over a 2-year interval, the magnitude of errors in psychologists' dating of the colloquia increased at a rate of .4 days per day of delay, and the direction of the dating error was toward the middle of the interval. In Experiment 2, the model used the retention function and dating errors from the first study to predict the distribution of the actual dates of colloquia recalled as being within a 5-month period. In Experiment 3, the findings of the first study were replicated with colloquia given by, instead of for, the subjects.
我们提出了一种时间压缩模型，该模型假定在确定日期时不存在系统误差。相反，对近期事件发生时间的高估是基于三个因素的综合作用：（1）近期事件的记忆保留度更高；（2）日期确定中的误差虽然无偏差，但会随着距所确定日期的事件发生时间呈线性增加；（3）干扰通常来自所询问时间段之外的事件，但这种干扰并非来自尚未发生的事件。在实验1中，我们发现学术研讨会的回忆在两年时间间隔内显著下降，心理学家确定学术研讨会日期的误差幅度以每天延迟0.4天的速度增加，且日期确定误差的方向朝着时间间隔的中间。在实验2中，该模型使用了第一项研究中的记忆保留函数和日期确定误差，来预测被回忆起的学术研讨会实际日期分布在5个月时间段内的情况。在实验3中，第一项研究的结果在由受试者自己举办而非为受试者举办的学术研讨会上得到了重复验证。
