Larsen S F, Thompson C P
Institute of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Risskov, Denmark.
Mem Cognit. 1995 Nov;23(6):780-90. doi: 10.3758/bf03200929.
Two experiments investigated memory for the dates of events selected and recorded by subjects in diaries. In Experiment 1, personal events and public news events were compared, with retention time varying from 1 week up to 9 months. It was found that the day of the week was more accurately identified for personal events than for news events, that day-of-the-week (DOW) accuracy did not decrease with increasing retention time, and that memory of the personal context of both event types was more important for DOW accuracy than was memory of the core of the events. These results support our view that memory of the day of the week is mainly reconstructed by reference to a temporal week schema based on personal experiences, and that the relation of news events to the week schema is mediated by memory of personal context. The distribution of DOW errors was modeled as the outcome of a process of guessing constrained by subdivisions of the week schema, without assuming any special temporal memory trace. In Experiment 2, the model was shown to fit independently collected data from a different subject pool and country equally well.
两项实验研究了受试者在日记中选择并记录的事件日期的记忆情况。在实验1中，对个人事件和公共新闻事件进行了比较，保留时间从1周延长至9个月。研究发现，对于个人事件，星期几的识别比新闻事件更准确；星期几（DOW）的准确性不会随着保留时间的增加而降低；对于两种事件类型的星期几准确性而言，事件个人背景的记忆比事件核心的记忆更为重要。这些结果支持了我们的观点，即星期几的记忆主要是通过参照基于个人经历的时间周模式来重构的，并且新闻事件与周模式的关系是由个人背景的记忆来调节的。DOW错误的分布被建模为一个受周模式细分约束的猜测过程的结果，而无需假设任何特殊的时间记忆痕迹。在实验2中，该模型被证明同样能很好地拟合来自不同受试者群体和国家的独立收集数据。
