Ruan Mianfang, Zhang Qiang, Wu Xie
1Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; and 2School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 May;31(5):1241-1250. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001783.
Ruan, M, Zhang, Q, and Wu, X. Acute effects of static stretching of hamstring on performance and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk during stop-jump and cutting tasks in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1241-1250, 2017-There is limited research investigating antagonist stretch. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of static stretching of hamstrings (SSH) on performance and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during stop-jump and 180° cutting tasks. Twelve female college athletes (age 20.8 ± 0.7 years; height 1.61 ± 0.05 m; mass 54.25 ± 4.22 kg) participated in this study. Subjects performed stop-jump and 180° cutting tasks under 2 conditions: after warm-up with 4 × 30 seconds SSH or after warm-up without SSH. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data as well as electromyography of biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and gastrocnemius medialis were collected during testing. Static stretching of hamstrings significantly enhanced jump height by 5.1% (p = 0.009) but did not change the takeoff speed of cutting. No significant changes in peak knee adduction moment or peak anterior tibia shear force were observed with SSH regardless of the task. The peak lateral tibia shear force during cutting was significantly (p = 0.036) reduced with SSH. The co-contraction of hamstring and quadriceps during the preactivation (stop-jump: p = 0.04; cutting: p = 0.05) and downward phases (stop-jump: p = 0.04; cutting: p = 0.05) was significantly reduced after SSH regardless of the task. The results suggest that SSH enhanced the performance of stop-jump because of decreased co-contraction of hamstring and quadriceps but did not change the performance of cutting. In addition, SSH did not increase ACL injury risk during stop-jump and cutting tasks and even reduced medial-lateral knee loading during cutting.
阮，M，张，Q，以及吴，X。女性运动员在急停跳和变向任务中，腘绳肌静态拉伸对运动表现及前交叉韧带损伤风险的急性影响。《力量与体能研究杂志》31(5): 1241 - 1250，2017年 - 关于拮抗肌拉伸的研究有限。本研究的目的是评估腘绳肌静态拉伸（SSH）对女性运动员在急停跳和180°变向任务中的运动表现及前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤风险的影响。十二名女大学生运动员（年龄20.8 ± 0.7岁；身高1.61 ± 0.05米；体重54.25 ± 4.22千克）参与了本研究。受试者在两种条件下进行急停跳和180°变向任务：在进行4×30秒SSH热身之后，以及未进行SSH热身之后。测试过程中收集了三维运动学和动力学数据，以及股二头肌、股直肌、股内侧肌和腓肠肌内侧头的肌电图。腘绳肌静态拉伸显著提高了5.1%的跳跃高度（p = 0.009），但并未改变变向的起跳速度。无论何种任务，SSH均未使膝关节内收力矩峰值或胫骨前向剪切力峰值发生显著变化。SSH使变向过程中的胫骨外侧剪切力峰值显著降低（p = 0.036）。无论何种任务，SSH后在预激活阶段（急停跳：p = 0.04；变向：p = 0.05）和下降阶段（急停跳：p = 0.04；变向：p = 0.05），腘绳肌和股四头肌的共同收缩均显著降低。结果表明，SSH因腘绳肌和股四头肌共同收缩的减少而提高了急停跳的表现，但并未改变变向的表现。此外，SSH在急停跳和变向任务中并未增加ACL损伤风险，甚至在变向过程中降低了膝关节内外侧的负荷。
