Allred Laura K, Lesko Katherine, McKiernan Diane, Kupper Cynthia, Guandalini Stefano
Gluten Intolerance Group of North America, Auburn, WA.
The University of Chicago, Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, IL.
J AOAC Int. 2017 Mar 1;100(2):485-491. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.16-0184. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
Enzymatic digestion, or hydrolysis, has been proposed for treating gluten-containing foods and beverages to make them safe for persons with celiac disease (CD). There are no validated testing methods that allow the quantitation of all the hydrolyzed or fermented gluten peptides in foods and beverages that might be harmful to CD patients, making it difficult to assess the safety of hydrolyzed products. This study examines an ELISA-based method to determine whether serum antibody binding of residual peptides in a fermented barley-based product is greater among active-CD patients than a normal control group, using commercial beers as a test case. Sera from 31 active-CD patients and 29 nonceliac control subjects were used to assess the binding of proteins from barley, rice, traditional beer, gluten-free beer, and enzymatically treated (gluten-removed) traditional beer. In the ELISA, none of the subjects' sera bound to proteins in the gluten-free beer. Eleven active-CD patient serum samples demonstrated immunoglobulin A (IgA) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to a barley extract, compared to only one nonceliac control subject. Of the seven active-CD patients who had an IgA binding response to barley, four also responded to traditional beer, and two of these responded to the gluten-removed beer. None of the nonceliac control subjects' sera bound to all three beer samples. Binding of protein fragments in hydrolyzed or fermented foods and beverages by serum from active-CD patients, but not nonceliac control subjects, may indicate the presence of residual peptides that are celiac-specific.
酶消化或水解已被提议用于处理含麸质的食品和饮料，以使它们对患有乳糜泻（CD）的人安全。目前尚无经过验证的检测方法能够定量食品和饮料中所有可能对CD患者有害的水解或发酵麸质肽，这使得评估水解产品的安全性变得困难。本研究以市售啤酒为例，考察了一种基于酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）的方法，以确定发酵大麦制品中残留肽与活跃期CD患者血清抗体的结合是否比正常对照组更强。使用31名活跃期CD患者和29名非乳糜泻对照受试者的血清来评估大麦、大米、传统啤酒、无麸质啤酒和酶处理（去除麸质）的传统啤酒中蛋白质的结合情况。在ELISA中，所有受试者的血清均未与无麸质啤酒中的蛋白质结合。11份活跃期CD患者血清样本显示免疫球蛋白A（IgA）或免疫球蛋白G（IgG）与大麦提取物结合，相比之下，只有1名非乳糜泻对照受试者出现这种情况。在7名对大麦有IgA结合反应的活跃期CD患者中，有4名对传统啤酒也有反应，其中2名对去除麸质的啤酒有反应。没有一名非乳糜泻对照受试者的血清与所有三种啤酒样本结合。活跃期CD患者血清而非非乳糜泻对照受试者血清与水解或发酵食品和饮料中蛋白质片段的结合，可能表明存在乳糜泻特异性的残留肽。
