Fagbeja Mofoluso A, Hill Jennifer L, Chatterton Tim J, Longhurst James W S, Akpokodje Joseph E, Agbaje Ganiy I, Halilu Shaba A
African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E), National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment and Technology, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Mar;24(8):7788-7808. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8481-z. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
Environmental monitoring in middle- and low-income countries is hampered by many factors which include enactment and enforcement of legislations; deficiencies in environmental data reporting and documentation; inconsistent, incomplete and unverifiable data; a lack of access to data; and technical expertise. This paper describes the processes undertaken and the major challenges encountered in the construction of the first Niger Delta Emission Inventory (NDEI) for criteria air pollutants and CO released from the anthropogenic activities in the region. This study focused on using publicly available government and research data. The NDEI has been designed to provide a Geographic Information System-based component of an air quality and carbon management framework. The NDEI infrastructure was designed and constructed at 1-, 10- and 20-km grid resolutions for point, line and area sources using industry standard processes and emission factors derived from activities similar to those in the Niger Delta. Due to inadequate, incomplete, potentially inaccurate and unavailable data, the infrastructure was populated with data based on a series of best possible assumptions for key emission sources. This produces outputs with variable levels of certainty, which also highlights the critical challenges in the estimation of emissions from a developing country. However, the infrastructure is functional and has the ability to produce spatially resolved emission estimates.
中低收入国家的环境监测受到诸多因素的阻碍，这些因素包括法律法规的制定与执行；环境数据报告和记录方面的不足；数据不一致、不完整且无法核实；数据获取困难以及缺乏技术专长。本文描述了构建首个尼日尔三角洲空气污染物排放清单（NDEI）的过程以及所遇到的主要挑战，该清单涉及该地区人为活动排放的空气污染物和一氧化碳。本研究着重利用公开可得的政府和研究数据。NDEI旨在为空气质量和碳管理框架提供一个基于地理信息系统的组成部分。NDEI基础设施是按照1公里、10公里和20公里的网格分辨率设计和构建的，用于点源、线源和面源，采用行业标准流程和源自与尼日尔三角洲类似活动的排放因子。由于数据不足、不完整、可能不准确且无法获取，基础设施是基于对关键排放源的一系列最佳假设来填充数据的。这产生了确定性程度各异的输出结果，这也凸显了发展中国家排放估算中的关键挑战。然而，该基础设施具备功能，能够生成空间分辨率的排放估算。
