Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Osnabrück University, Knollstr. 15, D-49069, Osnabrück, Germany.
Faculty of Psychology, Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, D-44787, Bochum, Germany.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017 Nov;45(8):1647-1661. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0263-z.
The development of eating disorders is associated with a body-related attentional bias. Although eating disorders are especially prevalent in adolescence, so far, no study has analyzed gaze patterns and state body image in response to viewing one's own body in youth. To fill this gap, the present study aimed to examine a body-related attentional bias and state body satisfaction in adolescents with various forms of eating disorders. Girls with anorexia nervosa, restrictive type (AN-R; n = 30), anorexia nervosa, binge eating/purging type (AN-BP; n = 26), bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 22), clinical controls with anxiety disorders (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 43) looked at photographs of their own and a peer's body, while their spontaneous eye movements were recorded. After stimulus presentation, state body satisfaction and individual attractiveness ratings for areas of the presented stimuli were assessed. An analysis of variance revealed that participants of all subgroups showed an attentive preference for unattractive areas of one's own body. Girls with AN-R attended significantly longer to unattractive body areas than both control groups and significantly shorter to attractive body areas than healthy controls. State body dissatisfaction was more prominent in all eating disorder subgroups, with significantly lower scores in BN compared to AN-R. In general, the higher the state body dissatisfaction, the stronger was the deficit orientation on one's own body. The attentional bias towards unattractive body areas, which is most pronounced in AN-R, indicates that interventions aiming to modify distorted attention might be promising in the prevention and treatment of eating disorders in adolescence.
进食障碍的发展与与身体相关的注意力偏向有关。尽管进食障碍在青少年中尤为普遍，但迄今为止，尚无研究分析过青少年在观看自身身体时的注视模式和状态身体形象。为了填补这一空白，本研究旨在分析患有各种形式进食障碍的青少年的与身体相关的注意力偏向和状态身体满意度。神经性厌食症、限制型（AN-R；n=30）、神经性厌食症、暴食/清除型（AN-BP；n=26）、神经性贪食症（BN；n=22）的女孩、患有焦虑障碍的临床对照组（n=20）和健康对照组（n=43）观看了自己和同伴身体的照片，同时记录他们的自发眼动。刺激呈现后，评估状态身体满意度和对呈现刺激区域的个体吸引力评分。方差分析显示，所有亚组的参与者都表现出对自身不吸引人身体区域的注意偏好。与所有对照组相比，AN-R 组的女孩对不吸引人的身体区域注视时间明显更长，对吸引人的身体区域注视时间明显更短，而与健康对照组相比。所有进食障碍亚组的状态身体不满都更为明显，BN 组的评分明显低于 AN-R 组。一般来说，状态身体不满越高，对自身身体的缺陷定向就越强。对不吸引人身体区域的注意力偏向在 AN-R 中最为明显，这表明旨在改变扭曲注意力的干预措施在青少年进食障碍的预防和治疗中可能具有前景。
