Thomas Brodie, O'Meara Peter, Spelten Evelien
1Department of Community and Allied Health,La Trobe University,Melbourne,Australia.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017 Apr;32(2):217-223. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X16001497. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
Paramedics respond to emergency scenes in often uncontrolled settings without being aware of potential risks. This makes paramedicine one of the most dangerous occupations. One of these dangers is the risk of contracting infectious diseases. Research in this area is predominantly focused on compliance in the use of protective equipment, attitudes and perceptions of paramedics, infectious disease policy, and exposure rates to blood and body fluids. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine what is known about the impact of infectious disease on the health of paramedics.
Using the Arskey and O'Malley methodological framework, a scoping review was undertaken, which allows for a broad search of the available evidence.
The literature search identified eight articles for review that reported on paramedic exposure trends; the lack of reported blood-borne infections contracted, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); instances of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infections; and the higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal infections amongst paramedics.
Exposure to infectious diseases is decreasing, yet it remains significant. The decrease is attributed to prevention strategies; however, paramedic knowledge and attitudes as well as the uncontrolled environment paramedics work in can be a barrier. Contraction of infectious diseases is generally low; exceptions to this are MRSA colonization, influenza, and SARS. Paramedics are at greater risk of acquiring these infectious diseases compared to the general public. The effect on the health of paramedics is not well reported. Thomas B , O'Meara P , Spelten E . Everyday dangers - the impact infectious disease has on the health of paramedics: a scoping review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):217-223.
护理人员常在无法控制的环境中应对紧急情况，且意识不到潜在风险。这使得护理工作成为最危险的职业之一。其中一种危险是感染传染病的风险。该领域的研究主要集中在防护设备的使用合规情况、护理人员的态度和认知、传染病政策以及血液和体液的暴露率。本综述的目的是确定关于传染病对护理人员健康影响的已知情况。
采用阿斯基和奥马利的方法框架进行综述，该方法允许广泛搜索现有证据。
文献检索确定了八篇可供综述的文章，这些文章报道了护理人员的暴露趋势；未报告的血源性感染病例，如乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）；严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）感染病例；以及护理人员中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）鼻腔感染的较高患病率。
接触传染病的情况正在减少，但仍然很严重。这种减少归因于预防策略；然而，护理人员的知识和态度以及他们工作的不受控制的环境可能是一个障碍。传染病的感染率总体较低；MRSA定植、流感和SARS除外。与普通公众相比，护理人员感染这些传染病的风险更高。对护理人员健康的影响报道不足。托马斯·B、奥米拉·P、斯佩尔滕·E。日常危险——传染病对护理人员健康的影响：一项综述。院前灾难医学。2017；32（2）：217 - 223。
