Dunn Barbara K, Kramer Barnett S
National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9787, Bethesda, MD 20892-9787, USA.
Trends Cancer. 2016 Dec;2(12):713-722. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.11.003.
In this review, we address selected areas that are central to the state-of-the-art of cancer prevention science. The emphasis on prevention as a viable and critical approach to decreasing cancer mortality has gained traction in recent years, evidenced by its inclusion in the US Vice President's Cancer Initiative (also termed 'Moonshot'). Cancer prevention occurs by arresting, slowing down, or reversing the carcinogenic process before invasion into surrounding tissue or by avoiding or blocking causative exposure. An important challenge is to identify individuals who will benefit most from preventive interventions with the least possible harm. Preventive interventions range from avoiding known carcinogens (e.g., tobacco or asbestos) to intervening with anticarcinogenic strategies (behavioral modifications , such as diet and exercise; medications; nutritional agents; and vaccination against causative agents). Here, we focus on active intervention with measures involving pharmaceutical and immunological agents.
在本综述中，我们探讨了癌症预防科学前沿的一些关键领域。近年来，将预防作为降低癌症死亡率的可行且关键方法的理念越来越受到关注，美国副总统癌症倡议（也称为“登月计划”）将其纳入就证明了这一点。癌症预防是通过在肿瘤侵入周围组织之前阻止、减缓或逆转致癌过程，或者通过避免或阻断致癌暴露来实现的。一个重要挑战是识别那些能从预防干预中获益最大且危害最小的个体。预防干预措施范围广泛，从避免已知致癌物（如烟草或石棉）到采用抗癌策略（行为改变，如饮食和运动；药物；营养剂；以及针对致病因子的疫苗接种）。在此，我们重点关注涉及药物和免疫制剂的积极干预措施。
