室内性产业中移民/流动人口的健康结构决定因素：大温哥华地区从业者及管理者/业主的经历
Structural Determinants of Health among Im/Migrants in the Indoor Sex Industry: Experiences of Workers and Managers/Owners in Metropolitan Vancouver.
作者信息
Goldenberg Shira M, Krüsi Andrea, Zhang Emma, Chettiar Jill, Shannon Kate
机构信息
Gender and Sexual Health Initiative, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 31;12(1):e0170642. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170642. eCollection 2017.
BACKGROUND
Globally, im/migrant women are overrepresented in the sex industry and experience disproportionate health inequities. Despite evidence that the health impacts of migration may vary according to the timing and stage of migration (e.g., early arrival vs. long-term migration), limited evidence exists regarding social and structural determinants of health across different stages of migration, especially among im/migrants engaged in sex work. Our aim was to describe and analyze the evolving social and structural determinants of health and safety across the arrival and settlement process for im/migrants in the indoor sex industry.
METHODS
We analyzed qualitative interviews conducted with 44 im/migrant sex workers and managers/owners working in indoor sex establishments (e.g., massage parlours, micro-brothels) in Metropolitan Vancouver, Canada in 2011; quantitative data from AESHA, a larger community-based cohort, were used to describe socio-demographic and social and structural characteristics of im/migrant sex workers.
RESULTS
Based on quantitative data among 198 im/migrant workers in AESHA, 78.3% were Chinese-born, the median duration in Canada was 6 years, and most (86.4%) serviced clients in formal indoor establishments. Qualitative narratives revealed diverse pathways into sex work upon arrival to Canada, including language barriers to conventional labour markets and the higher pay and relative flexibility of sex work. Once engaged in sex work, fear associated with police raids (e.g., immigration concerns, sex work disclosure) and language barriers to sexual negotiation and health, social and legal supports posed pervasive challenges to health, safety and human rights during long-term settlement in Canada.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings highlight the critical influences of criminalization, language barriers, and stigma and discrimination related to sex work and im/migrant status in shaping occupational health and safety for im/migrants engaged in sex work. Interventions and policy reforms that emphasize human rights and occupational health are needed to promote health and wellbeing across the arrival and settlement process.
背景
在全球范围内，移民女性在性产业中的占比过高，且面临着不成比例的健康不平等问题。尽管有证据表明，移民对健康的影响可能因移民的时间和阶段（例如，刚抵达与长期移民）而有所不同，但关于移民不同阶段健康的社会和结构决定因素的证据有限，尤其是在从事性工作的移民中。我们的目的是描述和分析室内性产业中移民在抵达和定居过程中健康与安全方面不断演变的社会和结构决定因素。
方法
我们分析了2011年对加拿大温哥华市室内性场所（如按摩院、小型妓院）工作的44名移民性工作者及经理/业主进行的定性访谈；来自规模更大的社区队列AESHA的定量数据用于描述移民性工作者的社会人口学以及社会和结构特征。
结果
基于AESHA中198名移民工作者的定量数据，78.3%出生于中国，在加拿大的停留时间中位数为6年，大多数人（86.4%）在正规室内场所为客户提供服务。定性叙述揭示了抵达加拿大后从事性工作的多种途径，包括进入传统劳动力市场存在语言障碍以及性工作报酬更高且相对灵活。一旦从事性工作，与警方突袭相关的恐惧（如移民问题、性工作暴露）以及性谈判、健康、社会和法律支持方面的语言障碍，在加拿大长期定居期间对健康、安全和人权构成了普遍挑战。
结论
研究结果凸显了将性工作和移民身份定罪、语言障碍以及与性工作和移民身份相关的耻辱和歧视对从事性工作的移民职业健康和安全的关键影响。需要强调人权和职业健康的干预措施及政策改革，以促进整个抵达和定居过程中的健康和福祉。
Zotero 插件