Enzymatic synthesis and phosphorolysis of 4(2)-thioxo- and 6(5)-azapyrimidine nucleosides by nucleoside phosphorylases.

The -2-deoxyribosylation of 4-thiouracil (Ura) and 2-thiouracil (Ura), as well as 6-azauracil, 6-azathymine and 6-aza-2-thiothymine was studied using dG and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) for the in situ generation of 2-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranose-1-phosphate (dRib-1P) followed by its coupling with the bases catalyzed by either thymidine (TP) or uridine (UP) phosphorylases. Ura revealed satisfactory substrate activity for UP and, unexpectedly, complete inertness for TP; no formation of 2'-deoxy-2-thiouridine (Ud) was observed under analogous reaction conditions in the presence of UP and TP. On the contrary, U, Ud, Td and Td are good substrates for both UP and TP; moreover, U, Td and 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine (Decitabine) are substrates for PNP and the phosphorolysis of the latter is reversible. Condensation of Ura and 5-azacytosine with dRib-1P (Ba salt) catalyzed by the accordant UP and PNP in Tris∙HCl buffer gave Ud and 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine in 27% and 15% yields, respectively. 6-Azauracil and 6-azathymine showed good substrate properties for both TP and UP, whereas only TP recognizes 2-thio-6-azathymine as a substrate. 5-Phenyl and 5--butyl derivatives of 6-azauracil and its 2-thioxo derivative were tested as substrates for UP and TP, and only 5-phenyl- and 5--butyl-6-azauracils displayed very low substrate activity. The role of structural peculiarities and electronic properties in the substrate recognition by nucleoside phosphorylases is discussed.