Rawdon T G, Buckle K N, Lawrence K E, Thompson K G, Julian A F, Vaatstra B L, Johnstone A C, Weston J F, Fairley R A
a Ministry for Primary Industries - Diagnostic and Surveillance Services , PO Box 40742, 66 Ward Street, Wallaceville , Upper Hutt 5140 , New Zealand.
b Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University , Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 2017 May;65(3):156-162. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2017.1281773. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
Cases were obtained through passive surveillance reporting by veterinary pathologists, via the Ministry for Primary Industries Exotic Pest and Disease Hotline. They included ill or dead cows that had evidence of frank haemorrhage, petechial haemorrhages on mucous membranes, wasting or dermatitis of unknown cause, and were reported between 2009-2014. Affected cows (n=16) were from nine seasonally calving dairy farms, aged ≥3 years, and were predominantly in their mid-to-late non-lactating period. A brassica crop was identified in 15/16 cases as part of the current or recent ration.
Eight cows were found dead or died within 2 days of first signs. In eight cases death or euthanasia took place up to 3 weeks after signs were first observed. Cattle clinically examined prior to death (n=11) were generally inappetant, and recumbent or reluctant to move. Five cases had pale mucous membranes, three had petechiae and two were jaundiced. Rectal temperature was normal to sub-normal in eight cases. Evidence of melena or fresh blood at the anus or mouth was found in five cases. In three cases, alopecia and skin thickening was present, predominantly affecting the head and neck.
Petechiation of mucosal and internal serosal membranes, myocardium, subcutis and skeletal muscle was found in 10 cases. Frank haemorrhage was present in six cases, including haematomas of the subcutis, skeletal musculature, mesentery or omentum, and lumenal haemorrhage of the abomasum and/or intestine. In five cases pale nodules within myocardium and/or kidney, liver or spleen were present. Histopathologically, these were confirmed as granulomatous inflammatory lesions, which were also present within a wide range of tissues. Granulomatous foci typically comprised aggregates of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, prominent multinucleated giant cells and eosinophils.
Idiopathic multisystemic granulomatous and haemorrhagic disease, occurring sporadically in dairy cattle, in the absence of feeds or feed additives previously associated with comparable syndromes.
This is the first description of a novel systemic granulomatous and haemorrhagic syndrome seen in adult dairy cattle most often in their non-lactating period. The presentation can mimic important exotic disease differentials in New Zealand including anthrax, haemorrhagic septicaemia (associated with selected Pasteurella multocida strains) or infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2.
病例通过兽医病理学家经初级产业部外来病虫害热线进行的被动监测报告获取。这些病例包括有明显出血迹象、黏膜瘀点性出血、不明原因消瘦或皮炎的患病或死亡奶牛，报告时间为2009年至2014年。受影响的奶牛（n = 16）来自9个季节性产犊的奶牛场，年龄≥3岁，主要处于非泌乳中后期。16例中有15例确定当前或近期日粮中有十字花科作物。
8头奶牛在出现最初症状后2天内被发现死亡或死亡。8例在首次观察到症状后3周内死亡或实施安乐死。死前接受临床检查的牛（n = 11）通常食欲不振，卧地或不愿走动。5例黏膜苍白，3例有瘀点，2例黄疸。8例直肠温度正常至低于正常。5例在肛门或口腔发现黑便或新鲜血液迹象。3例出现脱毛和皮肤增厚，主要影响头部和颈部。
10例出现黏膜和内部浆膜、心肌、皮下组织和骨骼肌的瘀点。6例出现明显出血，包括皮下、骨骼肌、肠系膜或网膜血肿，以及皱胃和/或肠道腔内出血。5例心肌和/或肾、肝或脾内有苍白结节。组织病理学检查证实这些为肉芽肿性炎症病变，在多种组织中也有出现。肉芽肿病灶通常由巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞、显著的多核巨细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞聚集而成。
特发性多系统肉芽肿性和出血性疾病，在奶牛中散发，不存在先前与类似综合征相关的饲料或饲料添加剂。
这是首次描述在成年奶牛非泌乳期最常出现的一种新型全身性肉芽肿性和出血性综合征。其表现可能与新西兰重要的外来疾病鉴别诊断相似，包括炭疽、出血性败血症（与特定多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株相关）或感染2型牛病毒性腹泻病毒。
