Kudo Masatoshi
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.
Oncology. 2017;92 Suppl 1:50-62. doi: 10.1159/000451016. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Clinical trials of antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint inhibitors programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are ongoing. Expansion cohorts of a phase I/II trial of the anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab in advanced HCC showed favorable results. Two phase III studies are currently ongoing: a comparison of nivolumab and sorafenib in the first-line setting for advanced HCC, and a comparison of the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab and a placebo in the second-line setting for patients with advanced HCC who progressed on sorafenib therapy. The combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies is being evaluated in other phase I/II trials, and the results suggest that an anti-PD-1 antibody combined with locoregional therapy or other molecular targeted agents is an effective treatment strategy for HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may therefore open new doors to the treatment of HCC.
针对免疫检查点抑制剂程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）、程序性细胞死亡配体1（PD-L1）或细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4（CTLA-4）治疗晚期肝细胞癌（HCC）的临床试验正在进行。抗PD-1抗体纳武单抗用于晚期HCC的I/II期试验的扩展队列显示了良好的结果。目前正在进行两项III期研究：纳武单抗与索拉非尼在晚期HCC一线治疗中的比较，以及抗PD-1抗体帕博利珠单抗与安慰剂在索拉非尼治疗进展的晚期HCC患者二线治疗中的比较。抗PD-1/PD-L1和抗CTLA-4抗体的联合用药正在其他I/II期试验中进行评估，结果表明抗PD-1抗体联合局部区域治疗或其他分子靶向药物是HCC的有效治疗策略。因此，免疫检查点抑制剂可能为HCC治疗打开新的大门。
