Todd Oliver M, Teale Elizabeth A
Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK.
Clin Med (Lond). 2017 Feb;17(1):48-53. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-1-48.
Delirium describes a sudden onset change in mental status of fluctuating course. This is a state of altered consciousness characterised chiefly by inattention or lack of arousal, but can also include new impairment of language, perception and behaviour. Certain predisposing factors can make an individual more susceptible to delirium in the face of a stressor. Stressors include direct insults to the brain, insults peripheral to the brain or external changes in the environment of an individual. Delirium is varied in its presentation, and can be categorised by the psychomotor profile as: hyperactive type (overly vigilant, agitated, often wandersome), hypoactive type (sedate or withdrawn) or mixed types.
谵妄是指精神状态突然发作且病程波动的变化。这是一种意识改变的状态，主要特征是注意力不集中或觉醒不足，但也可能包括语言、感知和行为方面的新损伤。某些易感因素会使个体在面对应激源时更容易发生谵妄。应激源包括对大脑的直接损伤、大脑外周的损伤或个体环境的外部变化。谵妄的表现多样，可根据精神运动特征分为：多动型（过度警觉、烦躁不安，常四处游走）、少动型（安静或退缩）或混合型。
