Kochanowicz Andrzej, Kochanowicz Kazimierz, Niespodziúski Bartłomiej, Mieszkowski Jan, Aschenbrenner Piotr, Bielec Grzegorz, Szark-Eckardt Mirosława
Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Theory of Sport and Human Motorics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2016 Oct 14;53:33-40. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2016-0008. eCollection 2016 Dec 1.
The aim of the study was to define the relationship between maximal power of lower limbs, the biomechanics of the forward handspring vault and the score received during a gymnastics competition. The research involved 42 gymnasts aged 9-11 years competing in the Poland's Junior Championships. The study consisted of three stages: first -estimating the level of indicators of maximal power of lower limbs tested on a force plate during the countermovement jump; second - estimating the level of biomechanical indicators of the front handspring vault. For both mentioned groups of indicators and the score received by gymnasts during the vault, linear correlation analyses were made. The last stage consisted of conducting multiple regression analysis in order to predict the performance level of the front handspring vault. Results showed a positive correlation (0.401, p < 0.05) of lower limbs' maximal power (1400 ± 502 W) with the judges' score for the front handstand vault (13.38 ± 1.02 points). However, the highest significant (p < 0.001) correlation with the judges' score was revealed in the angle of the hip joint in the second phase of the flight (196.00 ± 16.64°) and the contact time of hands with the vault surface (0.264 ± 0.118 s), where correlation coefficients were: -0.671 and -0.634, respectively. In conclusion, the angles of the hip joint in the second phase of the flight and when the hands touched the vault surface proved to be the most important indicators for the received score.
该研究的目的是确定下肢最大功率、前手翻跳马的生物力学与体操比赛得分之间的关系。该研究涉及42名年龄在9至11岁之间、参加波兰青少年锦标赛的体操运动员。该研究包括三个阶段：第一，在反向运动跳过程中，在测力板上测试下肢最大功率指标的水平；第二，评估前手翻跳马的生物力学指标水平。针对上述两组指标以及体操运动员在跳马过程中获得的分数，进行了线性相关分析。最后一个阶段包括进行多元回归分析，以预测前手翻跳马的表现水平。结果显示，下肢最大功率（1400±502瓦）与前手倒立跳马的裁判评分（13.38±1.02分）呈正相关（0.401，p<0.05）。然而，与裁判评分最高的显著相关性（p<0.001）出现在飞行第二阶段的髋关节角度（196.00±16.64°）和手与跳马表面的接触时间（0.264±0.118秒），相关系数分别为-0.671和-0.634。总之，飞行第二阶段的髋关节角度以及手接触跳马表面时的角度被证明是得分的最重要指标。
