Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
Sports Biomech. 2023 Feb;22(2):204-221. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2117642. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
The upper limbs are important in gymnastics vaulting, as the success of the flight phase is dependent on a quick and forceful push-off from the vault. This places the upper limbs under stress, which has been associated with pain and injury. This study aimed to quantify forearm segmental loading and symmetry when performing foundation to advanced-level vaulting skills during training. Twelve advanced-level artistic gymnasts (female, n = 6; male, n = 6) wore bilaterally forearm-mounted inertial measurement units while completing their vaulting sessions. The peak resultant acceleration for the leading and non-leading forearms during contact were calculated. Female gymnasts performed variations of Yurchenko vaults, while male gymnasts performed Handspring and Tsukahara vaults. Descriptive statistics (median and inter-quartile range), symmetry index scores, and total session impact load (measure of cumulative loading) were calculated between the lead and non-lead forearms. High asymmetrical loading was identified for some Yurchenko, Handspring, and Tsukahara vaults, with large variations identified between gymnasts. Some gymnasts experienced greater loading at their lead forearm, while others experienced greater loading at their non-lead forearm. Results indicate that limb loading patterns in advanced gymnastics are highly individualised, indicating that individual analysis is needed to identify gymnasts (or limbs) at an increased risk for overuse injury.
上肢在跳马项目中非常重要，因为飞行阶段的成功与否取决于从马镫上快速有力的蹬伸。这会使上肢承受压力，从而导致疼痛和受伤。本研究旨在定量分析训练中进行基础到高级跳马技能时前臂的分段负荷和对称性。12 名高级艺术体操运动员（女性，n=6；男性，n=6）在完成跳马训练时，分别在双侧前臂上安装惯性测量单元。计算接触时主导臂和非主导臂的最大合成加速度。女运动员完成 Yurchenko 跳马的各种变体，而男运动员完成后手翻和冢原跳马。计算主导臂和非主导臂之间的峰值结果加速度、对称性指数得分和总训练冲击负荷（累积负荷的度量）。一些 Yurchenko、后手翻和冢原跳马的高不对称负荷，以及运动员之间的较大差异。一些运动员在主导臂上承受更大的负荷，而另一些运动员在非主导臂上承受更大的负荷。结果表明，高级体操运动员的肢体负荷模式高度个体化，表明需要进行个体分析，以确定容易过度使用受伤的运动员（或肢体）。
