Hall S J
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1986 Dec;18(6):599-602.
Because female gymnasts as a group display higher than average incidences of stress-related pathologies of the lumbar spine, it was of interest to evaluate mechanical factors which are potential contributors. Lumbar hyperextension and impact forces were quantified for performances of five commonly executed gymnastics skills by four competitive collegiate women gymnasts. The skills performed were the front walkover, the back walkover, and the front handspring, the back handspring, and the handspring vault. Wielke's (1983) radius method was used to quantify lumbar curvatures from film data during normal relaxed standing postures and during subject performances of the five selected skills. A force platform was used to monitor vertical and lateral ground reaction forces at the terminations of the respective skill performances. Of the skills examined, the handspring vault produced the highest vertical and lateral impact forces, and the back handspring and back walkover required the greatest amounts of lumbar hyperextension. During the front and back walkovers and during the back handspring, maximum lumbar hyperextension occurred very close to the time that impact force was sustained by either the hands or the feet.
由于女子体操运动员群体中与压力相关的腰椎病变发生率高于平均水平，因此评估可能导致这些病变的力学因素很有意义。对四名大学竞技女子体操运动员执行的五项常见体操技能的表现进行了腰椎过伸和冲击力的量化。所执行的技能包括前软翻、后软翻、前手翻、后手翻和跳马。使用维尔克（1983年）的半径法，根据正常放松站立姿势以及受试者执行五项选定技能时的影片数据来量化腰椎曲度。使用测力平台监测各项技能表现结束时的垂直和横向地面反作用力。在所检查的技能中，跳马产生的垂直和横向冲击力最大，而后手翻和后软翻需要最大程度的腰椎过伸。在前软翻和后软翻以及后手翻过程中，最大腰椎过伸发生的时间非常接近手或脚承受冲击力的时间。
