Asamoah Alexander, Ameme Donne Kofi, Sackey Samuel Oko, Nyarko Kofi Mensah, Afari Edwin Andrew
Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (GFELTP), Accra, Ghana; Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG), Ministry of Health, Ghana.
Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (GFELTP), Accra, Ghana; Ghana Health Service (GHS), Accra, Ghana.
Pan Afr Med J. 2016 Oct 1;25(Suppl 1):17. doi: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2016.25.1.6261. eCollection 2016.
Diarrhoea diseases remain a major public health threat with nearly 1.7 billion cases annually worldwide occurring in all age groups. In Ghana diarrhoea kills about 14,000 children under five years annually. We therefore analysed data to determine the morbidity pattern of diarrhoea diseases in the Central Region of Ghana.
Health facility morbidity data was reviewed from 2008-2012. Monthly data on diarrhoeal diseases were extracted from District Health Information Management System database by sex, age group and districts. Data for bloody diarrhoea were extracted from monthly surveillance report forms. Data was analysed descriptively and expressed as frequencies and proportionate morbidity rates (pmr). Aberrations were determined using C2 threshold.
The total cases of all morbidity from 2008 to 2012 were 7,642,431. Diarrhoea diseases formed 4% (306854/7642431) of total morbidity. Children under one year (pmr= 8.4%) and males (pmr= 4.4%) were the most affected. Bloody diarrhea formed 2.2% (6835/306854) of diarrhoea cases with 0.7 %(45/6835) laboratory confirmed. Diarrhoea cases peaked from January to March throughout the study period with highest frequency 9.3% (28511/306854) in June. The mean monthly distribution of diarrhoea cases was 25571.17±1389.91. Poorest districts had significantly lower odds of getting bloody diarrhoea than non-poorest districts OR = 0.73 (95%CI = 0.70-0.77).
Diarrhoea characterized 4% of total morbidity presenting at health facilities in the region from 2008 to 2012. The diarrhoea morbidity rate decreased with increased age. Diarrhoea was higher among non poorest districts. The rate was highest in the month of June over the five year period. Bloody diarrhoea cases were mostly untested. We recommended that stool samples should be taken for laboratory testing for bloody diarrhoea cases.
腹泻疾病仍然是一项重大的公共卫生威胁，全球所有年龄组每年发生近17亿例。在加纳，腹泻每年导致约14000名五岁以下儿童死亡。因此，我们分析了数据，以确定加纳中部地区腹泻疾病的发病模式。
回顾了2008 - 2012年卫生机构的发病数据。通过性别、年龄组和地区，从地区卫生信息管理系统数据库中提取腹泻疾病的月度数据。血性腹泻的数据从月度监测报告表中提取。对数据进行描述性分析，并表示为频率和发病率比例（pmr）。使用卡方阈值确定异常情况。
2008年至2012年所有发病的总病例数为7642431例。腹泻疾病占总发病率的4%（306854/7642431）。一岁以下儿童（pmr = 8.4%）和男性（pmr = 4.4%）受影响最大。血性腹泻占腹泻病例的2.2%（6835/306854），其中0.7%（45/6835）经实验室确诊。在整个研究期间，腹泻病例在1月至3月达到峰值，6月频率最高，为9.3%（28511/306854）。腹泻病例的月平均分布为25571.17±1389.91。最贫困地区患血性腹泻的几率明显低于非最贫困地区，OR = 0.73（95%CI = 0.70 - 0.77）。
2008年至2012年，腹泻占该地区卫生机构总发病率的4%。腹泻发病率随年龄增长而下降。非最贫困地区的腹泻发病率较高。在五年期间，6月份的发病率最高。血性腹泻病例大多未经检测。我们建议对血性腹泻病例采集粪便样本进行实验室检测。
