Nielsen J B, Andersen O
Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark.
Toxicology. 1989 Nov;59(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(89)90152-2.
Human intoxications with inorganic mercury occur via the oral or pulmonar routes. However, earlier experimental studies of the acute toxicity of inorganic mercury primarily used parenteral administration of soluble inorganic mercury salts. The present study evaluated the effect of dose size on intestinal absorption and relative organ distribution of orally administered mercuric chloride. Experiments were performed with male mice of 2 strains (inbred CBA/Bom and outbred Bom: NMRI). At the highest dose of HgCl2, a delay in fecal elimination of non-absorbed mercury was observed indicating a decreased peristaltic rate. The fractional whole-body retention of mercury at 14 days after dosage was inversely related to the dose size, conceivably due either to saturation of the uptake mechanism or to damage to the kidneys resulting in loss of mercury with the urine at the highest dose levels. The relative organ distribution of mercury after oral exposure was quantitatively different from that reported in the literature after parenteral administration of inorganic mercury. Thus, the relative hepatic deposition was larger than after injection of mercury, presumably due to the first pass effect. A dose dependency in the relative organ distribution of retained mercury was observed, characterized by increasing relative deposition in liver, stomach, intestines, testes, spleen and carcass but decreasing relative renal deposition with increasing dose. The toxicokinetics of inorganic mercury was similar in the 2 mice strains. The present study demonstrates that the toxicokinetics of orally administered inorganic mercury is different from that of parenterally administered inorganic mercury as earlier reported in the literature.
人体通过口服或肺部途径接触无机汞而中毒。然而，早期关于无机汞急性毒性的实验研究主要采用可溶性无机汞盐的肠胃外给药方式。本研究评估了剂量大小对口服氯化汞的肠道吸收及相对器官分布的影响。实验使用了2个品系的雄性小鼠（近交系CBA/Bom和远交系Bom:NMRI）。在最高剂量的HgCl2下，观察到未吸收汞的粪便排泄延迟，表明蠕动速率降低。给药后14天汞的全身保留分数与剂量大小呈负相关，这可能是由于摄取机制饱和或肾脏受损，导致在最高剂量水平时汞随尿液流失。口服暴露后汞的相对器官分布与文献报道的肠胃外给予无机汞后的情况在数量上有所不同。因此，相对肝脏沉积比注射汞后更大，大概是由于首过效应。观察到保留汞的相对器官分布存在剂量依赖性，其特征是随着剂量增加，肝脏、胃、肠道、睾丸、脾脏和胴体中的相对沉积增加，但肾脏中的相对沉积减少。无机汞的毒代动力学在这2个小鼠品系中相似。本研究表明，口服无机汞的毒代动力学与文献中先前报道的肠胃外给予无机汞的毒代动力学不同。
