Nielsen J B, Andersen O
Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark.
Pharmacol Toxicol. 1991 Mar;68(3):201-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1991.tb01223.x.
The toxicokinetics of methyl mercury is studied most intensively in the rat. However, the toxicokinetics of methyl mercury in man is closer to the toxicokinetics in the mouse. This study describes the effects of dose, route of administration, and strain and sex on the toxicokinetics of methyl mercuric chloride in mice. Half-time values, fractional whole-body retentions and relative organ distributions of mercury were compared after a single oral or intraperitoneal administration of methyl mercuric chloride. The intestinal absorption was almost complete in accordance with earlier published results. The route of methyl mercury administration did not affect the whole-body retention of mercury significantly, but male mice retained lower amounts of mercury than did female mice. The elimination of mercury was demonstrated to follow first order kinetics during the two week study period independently of administration route, strain or sex. An inverse relationship between administered dose and whole-body retention was observed and by indirect evidence demonstrated not to be caused by an effect on the intestinal uptake mechanism. Absorbed and retained mercury at day 14 was primarily deposited in the carcass, but major deposits were also found in liver, kidneys and intestinal tract. Dose and route of administration did not affect the relative organ distribution of mercury significantly. However, the relative kidney deposition in male mice was about twice that in females. A significant difference in whole-body retention of mercury was observed between different strains of inbred mice at day 14 after administration. The relative organ distribution of mercury also varied significantly between different strains of mice.
甲基汞的毒代动力学在大鼠中得到了最为深入的研究。然而，甲基汞在人体内的毒代动力学更接近于小鼠的毒代动力学。本研究描述了剂量、给药途径、品系和性别对小鼠体内氯化甲基汞毒代动力学的影响。在单次口服或腹腔注射氯化甲基汞后，比较了汞的半衰期值、全身滞留分数和相对器官分布。肠道吸收几乎是完全的，这与早期发表的结果一致。甲基汞的给药途径对汞的全身滞留没有显著影响，但雄性小鼠体内汞的滞留量低于雌性小鼠。在为期两周的研究期间，无论给药途径、品系或性别如何，汞的消除均呈一级动力学。观察到给药剂量与全身滞留之间呈负相关，且间接证据表明这并非由对肠道吸收机制的影响所致。第14天时吸收并滞留的汞主要沉积在胴体中，但在肝脏、肾脏和肠道中也发现了主要沉积。剂量和给药途径对汞的相对器官分布没有显著影响。然而，雄性小鼠肾脏中的相对沉积量约为雌性小鼠的两倍。给药后第14天，不同近交系小鼠在汞的全身滞留方面存在显著差异。不同品系小鼠之间汞的相对器官分布也有显著差异。
