Department of Psychology, George Mason University.
Department of Management, School of Business, George Washington University.
J Appl Psychol. 2017 Mar;102(3):274-290. doi: 10.1037/apl0000163. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
We offer a critical review and synthesis of research methods in the first century of the Journal of Applied Psychology. We divide the chronology into 6 periods. The first emphasizes the first few issues of the journal, which, in many ways, set us on a methodological course that we sail to this day, and then takes us through the mid-1920s. The second is the period through World War II, in which we see the roots of modern methodological concepts and techniques, including a transition from a discovery orientation to a hypotheticodeductive model orientation. The third takes us through roughly 1970, a period in which many of our modern-day practices were formed, such as reliance on null hypothesis significance testing. The fourth, from 1970 through 1989, sees an emphasis on the development of measures of critical constructs. The fifth takes us into the present, which is marked by greater plurality regarding data-analytic approaches. Finally, we offer a glimpse of possible and, from our perspective, desirable futures regarding research methods. Specifically, we highlight the need to conduct replications; study the exceptional and not just the average; improve the quality of the review process, particularly regarding methodological issues; emphasize design and measurement issues; and build and test more specific theories. (PsycINFO Database Record
我们对《应用心理学杂志》创刊一个世纪以来的研究方法进行了批判性的回顾和综合。我们将时间顺序分为 6 个时期。第一期强调了该杂志的前几期，这些杂志在很多方面为我们设定了至今仍在遵循的方法路线，然后带我们进入 20 世纪 20 年代中期。第二期是第二次世界大战期间，我们看到了现代方法论概念和技术的根源，包括从发现导向向假设演绎模型导向的转变。第三期带我们大致进入 20 世纪 70 年代，这个时期形成了我们现代许多实践，如依赖零假设显著性检验。第四期从 1970 年到 1989 年，强调了关键结构度量的发展。第五期将我们带入现在，这一时期的特点是数据分析方法的多样性更大。最后，我们展望了研究方法可能的、从我们的角度来看也是理想的未来。具体来说，我们强调需要进行复制研究；研究异常情况，而不仅仅是平均情况；提高审查过程的质量，特别是在方法论问题方面；强调设计和测量问题；并建立和测试更具体的理论。
