Ruiz-Hernández Victoria, Hermans Benjamin, Weiss Julia, Egea-Cortines Marcos
Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena Cartagena, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Jan 19;8:27. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00027. eCollection 2017.
The genus has a considerable complexity in the scent profiles produced by different species. We have analyzed the genetic differences between and , two species divergent in the emission of methyl benzoate, methyl cinnamate, acetophenone, and ocimene. The genetic analysis showed that all compounds segregated in a Mendelian fashion attributable to one or two with simple or epistatic interactions. Several lines lacked methyl benzoate, a major Volatile Organic Compound emitted by but missing in . Using a candidate gene approach, we found that the from appeared to be a null allele as we could not detect mRNA expression. The coding region did not show significant differences that could explain the loss of expression. The intron-exon boundaries was also conserved indicating that there is no alternative splicing in as compared to . However, it showed multiple polymorphisms in the 5' promoter region including two insertions, one harboring an MITE transposon with additional sequences with high homology to the and a second one with somewhat lower homology to the regulatory region of the . It also had a 778 bp deletion as compared to the promoter region. Our results show that the differences in scent emission between and may be traced back to single genes involved in discrete biosynthetic reactions such as benzoic acid methylation. Thus, natural variation of this complex trait maybe the result of combinations of wild type, and loss of function alleles in different genes involved in discrete VOCs biosynthesis. Furthermore, the presence of active transposable elements in the genus may account for rapid evolution and instability, raising the possibility of adaptation to local pollinators.
该属在不同物种产生的气味谱方面具有相当大的复杂性。我们分析了[物种名称1]和[物种名称2]之间的遗传差异，这两个物种在苯甲酸甲酯、肉桂酸甲酯、苯乙酮和罗勒烯的排放上存在差异。遗传分析表明，所有化合物均以孟德尔方式分离，这归因于一两个具有简单或上位性相互作用的[基因名称]。几条品系缺乏苯甲酸甲酯，这是[物种名称1]排放的一种主要挥发性有机化合物，但在[物种名称2]中不存在。使用候选基因方法，我们发现来自[物种名称1]的[基因名称]似乎是一个无效等位基因，因为我们检测不到mRNA表达。编码区未显示出可解释表达缺失的显著差异。内含子 - 外显子边界也保守，这表明与[物种名称2]相比，[物种名称1]中不存在可变剪接。然而，它在5'启动子区域显示出多个多态性，包括两个插入，一个含有一个MITE转座子以及与[某个基因名称]具有高度同源性的额外序列，另一个与[另一个基因名称]的调控区域具有稍低的同源性。与[物种名称2]的启动子区域相比，它还存在一个778 bp的缺失。我们的结果表明，[物种名称1]和[物种名称2]之间气味排放的差异可能追溯到参与离散生物合成反应（如苯甲酸甲基化）的单个基因。因此，这种复杂性状的自然变异可能是参与离散挥发性有机化合物生物合成的不同基因中野生型和功能丧失等位基因组合的结果。此外，该属中活跃转座元件的存在可能解释了快速进化和不稳定性，增加了适应本地传粉者的可能性。
