Zaffora Biagio, Magistris Matteo, Chevalier Jean-Pierre, Luccioni Catherine, Saporta Gilbert, Ulrici Luisa
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
Appl Radiat Isot. 2017 Apr;122:141-147. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.01.019. Epub 2017 Jan 26.
Radioactive waste is produced as a consequence of preventive and corrective maintenance during the operation of high-energy particle accelerators or associated dismantling campaigns. Their radiological characterization must be performed to ensure an appropriate disposal in the disposal facilities. The radiological characterization of waste includes the establishment of the list of produced radionuclides, called "radionuclide inventory", and the estimation of their activity. The present paper describes the process adopted at CERN to characterize very-low-level radioactive waste with a focus on activated metals. The characterization method consists of measuring and estimating the activity of produced radionuclides either by experimental methods or statistical and numerical approaches. We adapted the so-called Scaling Factor (SF) and Correlation Factor (CF) techniques to the needs of hadron accelerators, and applied them to very-low-level metallic waste produced at CERN. For each type of metal we calculated the radionuclide inventory and identified the radionuclides that most contribute to hazard factors. The methodology proposed is of general validity, can be extended to other activated materials and can be used for the characterization of waste produced in particle accelerators and research centres, where the activation mechanisms are comparable to the ones occurring at CERN.
放射性废物是在高能粒子加速器运行期间进行预防性和纠正性维护或相关拆除活动时产生的。必须对其进行放射性表征，以确保在处置设施中进行适当处置。废物的放射性表征包括确定产生的放射性核素清单（称为“放射性核素存量”）及其活度估算。本文描述了欧洲核子研究组织（CERN）采用的对极低水平放射性废物进行表征的过程，重点是活化金属。表征方法包括通过实验方法或统计和数值方法测量和估算产生的放射性核素的活度。我们将所谓的比例因子（SF）和相关因子（CF）技术应用于强子加速器的需求，并将其应用于CERN产生的极低水平金属废物。对于每种类型的金属，我们计算了放射性核素存量，并确定了对危害因子贡献最大的放射性核素。所提出的方法具有普遍有效性，可以扩展到其他活化材料，并可用于表征粒子加速器和研究中心产生的废物，这些地方的活化机制与CERN发生的机制相当。
